| Structural highlights
Function
[TYY1_HUMAN] Multifunctional transcription factor that exhibits positive and negative control on a large number of cellular and viral genes by binding to sites overlapping the transcription start site. Binds to the consensus sequence 5'-CCGCCATNTT-3'; some genes have been shown to contain a longer binding motif allowing enhanced binding; the initial CG dinucleotide can be methylated greatly reducing the binding affinity. The effect on transcription regulation is depending upon the context in which it binds and diverse mechanisms of action include direct activation or repression, indirect activation or repression via cofactor recruitment, or activation or repression by disruption of binding sites or conformational DNA changes. Its activity is regulated by transcription factors and cytoplasmic proteins that have been shown to abrogate or completely inhibit YY1-mediated activation or repression. For example, it acts as a repressor in absence of adenovirus E1A protein but as an activator in its presence. May play an important role in development and differentiation. Proposed to recruit the PRC2/EED-EZH2 complex to target genes that are transcriptional repressed. Involved in DNA repair. In vitro, binds to DNA recombination intermediate structures (Holliday junctions).[1] [2] Proposed core component of the chromatin remodeling INO80 complex which is involved in transcriptional regulation, DNA replication and probably DNA repair; proposed to target the INO80 complex to YY1-responsive elements.[3] [4]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Ying-Yang 1 protein (YY1) supports specific, unidirectional initiation of messenger RNA production by RNA polymerase II from two adjacent start sites in the adeno-associated virus P5 promoter, a process which is independent of the TATA box-binding protein (TBP). The 2.5-A resolution YY1-initiator element cocrystal structure reveals four zinc fingers recognizing a YY1-binding consensus sequence. Upstream of the transcription start sites protein-DNA contacts involve both strands and downstream they are virtually restricted to the template strand, permitting access to the active center of RNA polymerase II and ensuring specificity and directionality. The observed pattern of protein-DNA contacts also explains YY1 binding to a preformed transcription bubble, and YY1 binding to a DNA/RNA hybrid analog of the P5 promoter region containing a nascent RNA transcript. A model is proposed for YY1-directed, TBP-independent transcription initiation.
Cocrystal structure of YY1 bound to the adeno-associated virus P5 initiator.,Houbaviy HB, Usheva A, Shenk T, Burley SK Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Nov 26;93(24):13577-82. PMID:8942976[5]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Cai Y, Jin J, Yao T, Gottschalk AJ, Swanson SK, Wu S, Shi Y, Washburn MP, Florens L, Conaway RC, Conaway JW. YY1 functions with INO80 to activate transcription. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2007 Sep;14(9):872-4. Epub 2007 Aug 26. PMID:17721549 doi:http://dx.doi.org/nsmb1276
- ↑ Wu S, Shi Y, Mulligan P, Gay F, Landry J, Liu H, Lu J, Qi HH, Wang W, Nickoloff JA, Wu C, Shi Y. A YY1-INO80 complex regulates genomic stability through homologous recombination-based repair. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2007 Dec;14(12):1165-72. Epub 2007 Nov 18. PMID:18026119 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1332
- ↑ Cai Y, Jin J, Yao T, Gottschalk AJ, Swanson SK, Wu S, Shi Y, Washburn MP, Florens L, Conaway RC, Conaway JW. YY1 functions with INO80 to activate transcription. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2007 Sep;14(9):872-4. Epub 2007 Aug 26. PMID:17721549 doi:http://dx.doi.org/nsmb1276
- ↑ Wu S, Shi Y, Mulligan P, Gay F, Landry J, Liu H, Lu J, Qi HH, Wang W, Nickoloff JA, Wu C, Shi Y. A YY1-INO80 complex regulates genomic stability through homologous recombination-based repair. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2007 Dec;14(12):1165-72. Epub 2007 Nov 18. PMID:18026119 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1332
- ↑ Houbaviy HB, Usheva A, Shenk T, Burley SK. Cocrystal structure of YY1 bound to the adeno-associated virus P5 initiator. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Nov 26;93(24):13577-82. PMID:8942976
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