Structural highlights
Function
[HEMA_I18A0] Binds to sialic acid-containing receptors on the cell surface, bringing about the attachment of the virus particle to the cell. This attachment induces virion internalization of about two third of the virus particles through clathrin-dependent endocytosis and about one third through a clathrin- and caveolin-independent pathway. Plays a major role in the determination of host range restriction and virulence. Class I viral fusion protein. Responsible for penetration of the virus into the cell cytoplasm by mediating the fusion of the membrane of the endocytosed virus particle with the endosomal membrane. Low pH in endosomes induces an irreversible conformational change in HA2, releasing the fusion hydrophobic peptide. Several trimers are required to form a competent fusion pore (By similarity).
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Influenza A virus uses sialic acids as cell entry receptors, and there are two main receptor forms, alpha2,6 linkage or alpha2,3 linkage to galactose, that determine virus host ranges (mammalian or avian). The receptor binding hemagglutinins (HAs) of both 1918 and 2009 pandemic H1N1 (18H1 and 09H1, respectively) influenza A viruses preferentially bind to the human alpha2,6 linkage receptor. A single D225G mutation in both H1s switches receptor binding specificity from alpha2,6 linkage binding to dual receptor binding. However, the molecular basis for this specificity switch is not fully understood. Here, we show via H1-ligand complex structures that the D225G substitution results in a loss of a salt bridge between amino acids D225 and K222, enabling the key residue Q226 to interact with the avian receptor, thereby obtaining dual receptor binding. This is further confirmed by a D225E mutant that retains human receptor binding specificity with the salt bridge intact.
Molecular Basis of the Receptor Binding Specificity Switch of the Hemagglutinins from both the 1918 and 2009 Pandemic Influenza A Viruses by a D225G Substitution.,Zhang W, Shi Y, Qi J, Gao F, Li Q, Fan Z, Yan J, Gao GF J Virol. 2013 May;87(10):5949-58. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00545-13. Epub 2013 Mar 20. PMID:23514882[1]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Zhang W, Shi Y, Qi J, Gao F, Li Q, Fan Z, Yan J, Gao GF. Molecular Basis of the Receptor Binding Specificity Switch of the Hemagglutinins from both the 1918 and 2009 Pandemic Influenza A Viruses by a D225G Substitution. J Virol. 2013 May;87(10):5949-58. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00545-13. Epub 2013 Mar 20. PMID:23514882 doi:10.1128/JVI.00545-13
