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Introduction
We can categorize our blood types into 4 groups: A, B, AB, & O, on the surface of red blood cells, there are 2 types of antigen: A & B (each type has its own properties) If a blood cell is type A, the surface of the cell contains Antigens for type A and the body will produce antibodies for type B and vice versa for type B. Type AB contains both antigens on the surface and has neither antibodies. Blood type O has no antigens and thus have both A and B antibodies in its system.
The A and the B antigens were found to be modified from the carbohydrate corresponding to the O blood group by the addition of different monosaccharides, the A antigen was terminated by the sugar N-acetylgalactosmine (GalNAc) while the B antigen was terminated by galactose.
The human ABO(H) blood group antigens are produced by specific glucosyltransferase enzymes (GTs), the ABO blood group system is determined by what type of glucosyltransferases are expressed in the body: N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (GTA) or Galactosyltransferase (GTB)
Reaction
Genetics
Structural highlights
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Rossmann fold
Structural basis for specifity
