Introduction
The Enoyl-ACP Reductase InhA, from Mycobacterium tuberculosis, catalyzes the NADH-dependent reduction of long-chain trans-2-enoyl-ACP fatty acids in the type II fatty acid biosynthesis pathway of M. tuberculosis. InhA is a member of the short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) family of enzymes. InhA is the only enoyl-ACP reductase found in tuberculosis, making the enzyme a potential drug target.
FAS-II System
Mycolic acids are very long-chain fatty acids (C60<-C90) that are essential components of the mycobacterial cell wall. Mycolic acids are synthesized by at least two known elongation systems, type I and type II fatty acid synthases (FAS-I and FAS-II). The FAS-II system prefers C16 as a starting substrate and can extend up to C56. The FAS-II system utilizes the products from the FAS-I system as primers to extend the chain lengths further. The products of the FAS-II system are the precursors of mycolic acids. Elongation by the FAS-II system occurs by a condensation reaction, which is achieved in three steps. Step 1 involves transfer of the acyl primer, step 2 involves decarboxylation of the substrate to yield a carbanion, and step 3 involves nucleophilic attack of the carbanion to yield the elongated product.
Mechanism of Action
Structure
Fatty Acyl Binding Crevice
Catalytic Triad
Hydrogen Bonding Interactions
Clinical Applications
Isoniazid
Other Inhibitors
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