Structural highlights
Function
[UXS1_HUMAN] Catalyzes the NAD-dependent decarboxylation of UDP-glucuronic acid to UDP-xylose. Necessary for the biosynthesis of the core tetrasaccharide in glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The man o' war (mow) phenotype in zebrafish is characterized by severe craniofacial defects due to a missense mutation in UDP-alpha-d-xylose synthase (UXS), an essential enzyme in proteoglycan biosynthesis. The mow mutation is located in the UXS dimer interface approximately 16 A away from the active site, suggesting an indirect effect on the enzyme mechanism. We have examined the structural and catalytic consequences of the mow mutation (R236H) in the soluble fragment of human UXS (hUXS), which shares 93% sequence identity with the zebrafish enzyme. In solution, hUXS dimers undergo a concentration-dependent association to form a tetramer. Sedimentation velocity studies show that the R236H substitution induces the formation of a new hexameric species. Using two new crystal structures of the hexamer, we show that R236H and R236A substitutions cause a local unfolding of the active site that allows for a rotation of the dimer interface necessary to form the hexamer. The disordered active sites in the R236H and R236A mutant constructs displace Y231, the essential acid/base catalyst in the UXS reaction mechanism. The loss of Y231 favors an abortive catalytic cycle in which the reaction intermediate, UDP-alpha-d-4-keto-xylose, is not reduced to the final product, UDP-alpha-d-xylose. Surprisingly, the mow-induced hexamer is almost identical to the hexamers formed by the deeply divergent UXS homologues from Staphylococcus aureus and Helicobacter pylori (21% and 16% sequence identity, respectively). The persistence of a latent hexamer-building interface in the human enzyme suggests that the ancestral UXS may have been a hexamer.
Man o' war mutation in UDP-alpha-D-xylose synthase favors the abortive catalytic cycle and uncovers a latent potential for hexamer formation.,Walsh RM Jr, Polizzi SJ, Kadirvelraj R, Howard WW, Wood ZA Biochemistry. 2015 Jan 27;54(3):807-19. doi: 10.1021/bi501357c. Epub 2015 Jan 13. PMID:25521717[1]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Walsh RM Jr, Polizzi SJ, Kadirvelraj R, Howard WW, Wood ZA. Man o' war mutation in UDP-alpha-D-xylose synthase favors the abortive catalytic cycle and uncovers a latent potential for hexamer formation. Biochemistry. 2015 Jan 27;54(3):807-19. doi: 10.1021/bi501357c. Epub 2015 Jan 13. PMID:25521717 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi501357c
