| Structural highlights
Function
[FLO11_YEAST] Cell wall protein that participates in adhesive cell-cell interactions during yeast flocculation, a reversible, asexual and Ca(2+)-dependent process in which cells adhere to form aggregates (flocs) consisting of thousands of cells. Also involved in cell-substrate adhesion, haploid invasive growth, diploid pseudohyphae formation and biofilm (flor) development. The precise mechanism by which this protein mediates adhesion is unclear but may involve homotypic binding. Adhesive activity is inhibited by mannose, but not by glucose, maltose, sucrose or galactose.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Saccharomyces cerevisiae harbors a family of GPI-anchored cell wall proteins for interaction with its environment. The flocculin Flo11, a major representative of these fungal adhesins, confers formation of different types of multicellular structures such as biofilms, flors, or filaments. To understand these environment-dependent growth phenotypes on a molecular level, we solved the crystal structure of the N-terminal Flo11A domain at 0.89-A resolution. Besides a hydrophobic apical region, the Flo11A domain consists of a beta sandwich of the fibronectin type III domain (FN3). We further show that homophilic Flo11-Flo11 interactions and heterophilic Flo11-plastic interactions solely depend on the Flo11A domain and are strongly pH dependent. These functions of Flo11A involve an apical region with its surface-exposed aromatic band, which is accompanied by acidic stretches. Together with electron microscopic reconstructions of yeast cell-cell contact sites, our data suggest that Flo11 acts as a spacer-like, pH-sensitive adhesin that resembles a membrane-tethered hydrophobin.
Interactions by the Fungal Flo11 Adhesin Depend on a Fibronectin Type III-like Adhesin Domain Girdled by Aromatic Bands.,Kraushaar T, Bruckner S, Veelders M, Rhinow D, Schreiner F, Birke R, Pagenstecher A, Mosch HU, Essen LO Structure. 2015 Jun 2;23(6):1005-17. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2015.03.021. Epub 2015, May 7. PMID:25960408[10]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
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- ↑ Reynolds TB, Fink GR. Bakers' yeast, a model for fungal biofilm formation. Science. 2001 Feb 2;291(5505):878-81. PMID:11157168 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.291.5505.878
- ↑ Bayly JC, Douglas LM, Pretorius IS, Bauer FF, Dranginis AM. Characteristics of Flo11-dependent flocculation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. FEMS Yeast Res. 2005 Dec;5(12):1151-6. Epub 2005 Jul 1. PMID:16043420 doi:http://dx.doi.org/S1567-1356(05)00100-5
- ↑ Douglas LM, Li L, Yang Y, Dranginis AM. Expression and characterization of the flocculin Flo11/Muc1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mannoprotein with homotypic properties of adhesion. Eukaryot Cell. 2007 Dec;6(12):2214-21. Epub 2007 Oct 5. PMID:17921350 doi:http://dx.doi.org/EC.00284-06
- ↑ Fichtner L, Schulze F, Braus GH. Differential Flo8p-dependent regulation of FLO1 and FLO11 for cell-cell and cell-substrate adherence of S. cerevisiae S288c. Mol Microbiol. 2007 Dec;66(5):1276-89. PMID:18001350 doi:http://dx.doi.org/MMI6014
- ↑ Karunanithi S, Vadaie N, Chavel CA, Birkaya B, Joshi J, Grell L, Cullen PJ. Shedding of the mucin-like flocculin Flo11p reveals a new aspect of fungal adhesion regulation. Curr Biol. 2010 Aug 10;20(15):1389-95. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2010.06.033. Epub 2010 , Jul 8. PMID:20619652 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2010.06.033
- ↑ Goossens KV, Willaert RG. The N-terminal domain of the Flo11 protein from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an adhesin without mannose-binding activity. FEMS Yeast Res. 2012 Feb;12(1):78-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1567-1364.2011.00766.x. Epub, 2011 Dec 22. PMID:22129043 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1567-1364.2011.00766.x
- ↑ Lambrechts MG, Bauer FF, Marmur J, Pretorius IS. Muc1, a mucin-like protein that is regulated by Mss10, is critical for pseudohyphal differentiation in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1996 Aug 6;93(16):8419-24. PMID:8710886
- ↑ Lo WS, Dranginis AM. FLO11, a yeast gene related to the STA genes, encodes a novel cell surface flocculin. J Bacteriol. 1996 Dec;178(24):7144-51. PMID:8955395
- ↑ Kraushaar T, Bruckner S, Veelders M, Rhinow D, Schreiner F, Birke R, Pagenstecher A, Mosch HU, Essen LO. Interactions by the Fungal Flo11 Adhesin Depend on a Fibronectin Type III-like Adhesin Domain Girdled by Aromatic Bands. Structure. 2015 Jun 2;23(6):1005-17. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2015.03.021. Epub 2015, May 7. PMID:25960408 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2015.03.021
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