Structural highlights
Function
[GLOX_BACSU] Catalyzes the FAD-dependent oxidative deamination of various amines and D-amino acids to yield the corresponding alpha-keto acids, ammonia/amine, and hydrogen peroxide. Oxidizes sarcosine (N-methylglycine), N-ethylglycine and glycine. Can also oxidize the herbicide glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine). Displays lower activities on D-alanine, D-valine, D-proline and D-methionine. Does not act on L-amino acids and other D-amino acids. Is essential for thiamine biosynthesis since the oxidation of glycine catalyzed by ThiO generates the glycine imine intermediate (dehydroglycine) required for the biosynthesis of the thiazole ring of thiamine pyrophosphate.[1] [2]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Structure-function relationships of the flavoprotein glycine oxidase (GO), which was recently proposed as the first enzyme in the biosynthesis of thiamine in Bacillus subtilis, has been investigated by a combination of structural and functional studies. The structure of the GO-glycolate complex was determined at 1.8 A, a resolution at which a sketch of the residues involved in FAD binding and in substrate interaction can be depicted. GO can be considered a member of the "amine oxidase" class of flavoproteins, such as d-amino acid oxidase and monomeric sarcosine oxidase. With the obtained model of GO the monomer-monomer interactions can be analyzed in detail, thus explaining the structural basis of the stable tetrameric oligomerization state of GO, which is unique for the GR(2) subfamily of flavooxidases. On the other hand, the three-dimensional structure of GO and the functional experiments do not provide the functional significance of such an oligomerization state; GO does not show an allosteric behavior. The results do not clarify the metabolic role of this enzyme in B. subtilis; the broad substrate specificity of GO cannot be correlated with the inferred function in thiamine biosynthesis, and the structure does not show how GO could interact with ThiS, the following enzyme in thiamine biosynthesis. However, they do let a general catabolic role of this enzyme on primary or secondary amines to be excluded because the expression of GO is not inducible by glycine, sarcosine, or d-alanine as carbon or nitrogen sources.
Structure-function correlation in glycine oxidase from Bacillus subtilis.,Mortl M, Diederichs K, Welte W, Molla G, Motteran L, Andriolo G, Pilone MS, Pollegioni L J Biol Chem. 2004 Jul 9;279(28):29718-27. Epub 2004 Apr 22. PMID:15105420[3]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Nishiya Y, Imanaka T. Purification and characterization of a novel glycine oxidase from Bacillus subtilis. FEBS Lett. 1998 Nov 6;438(3):263-6. PMID:9827558
- ↑ Settembre EC, Dorrestein PC, Park JH, Augustine AM, Begley TP, Ealick SE. Structural and mechanistic studies on ThiO, a glycine oxidase essential for thiamin biosynthesis in Bacillus subtilis. Biochemistry. 2003 Mar 18;42(10):2971-81. PMID:12627963 doi:10.1021/bi026916v
- ↑ Mortl M, Diederichs K, Welte W, Molla G, Motteran L, Andriolo G, Pilone MS, Pollegioni L. Structure-function correlation in glycine oxidase from Bacillus subtilis. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jul 9;279(28):29718-27. Epub 2004 Apr 22. PMID:15105420 doi:10.1074/jbc.M401224200
