| Structural highlights
Function
[H2A1_YEAST] Core component of nucleosome which plays a central role in DNA double strand break (DSB) repair. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.[1] [2] [3] [4] [H2B2_YEAST] Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription regulation, DNA repair, DNA replication and chromosomal stability. DNA accessibility is regulated via a complex set of post-translational modifications of histones, also called histone code, and nucleosome remodeling.[5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Chromatin is composed of nucleosomes, the universally repeating protein-DNA complex in eukaryotic cells. The crystal structure of the nucleosome core particle from Saccharomyces cerevisiae reveals that the structure and function of this fundamental complex is conserved between single-cell organisms and metazoans. Our results show that yeast nucleosomes are likely to be subtly destabilized as compared with nucleosomes from higher eukaryotes, consistent with the idea that much of the yeast genome remains constitutively open during much of its life cycle. Importantly, minor sequence variations lead to dramatic changes in the way in which nucleosomes pack against each other within the crystal lattice. This has important implications for our understanding of the formation of higher order chromatin structure and its modulation by post-translational modifications. Finally, the yeast nucleosome core particle provides a structural context by which to interpret genetic data obtained from yeast. Coordinates have been deposited with the Protein Data Bank under accession number 1ID3.
Structure of the yeast nucleosome core particle reveals fundamental changes in internucleosome interactions.,White CL, Suto RK, Luger K EMBO J. 2001 Sep 17;20(18):5207-18. PMID:11566884[12]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Downs JA, Lowndes NF, Jackson SP. A role for Saccharomyces cerevisiae histone H2A in DNA repair. Nature. 2000 Dec 21-28;408(6815):1001-4. PMID:11140636 doi:10.1038/35050000
- ↑ Shroff R, Arbel-Eden A, Pilch D, Ira G, Bonner WM, Petrini JH, Haber JE, Lichten M. Distribution and dynamics of chromatin modification induced by a defined DNA double-strand break. Curr Biol. 2004 Oct 5;14(19):1703-11. PMID:15458641 doi:10.1016/j.cub.2004.09.047
- ↑ Unal E, Arbel-Eden A, Sattler U, Shroff R, Lichten M, Haber JE, Koshland D. DNA damage response pathway uses histone modification to assemble a double-strand break-specific cohesin domain. Mol Cell. 2004 Dec 22;16(6):991-1002. PMID:15610741 doi:S1097276504007191
- ↑ Keogh MC, Kim JA, Downey M, Fillingham J, Chowdhury D, Harrison JC, Onishi M, Datta N, Galicia S, Emili A, Lieberman J, Shen X, Buratowski S, Haber JE, Durocher D, Greenblatt JF, Krogan NJ. A phosphatase complex that dephosphorylates gammaH2AX regulates DNA damage checkpoint recovery. Nature. 2006 Jan 26;439(7075):497-501. Epub 2005 Nov 20. PMID:16299494 doi:nature04384
- ↑ Briggs SD, Xiao T, Sun ZW, Caldwell JA, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Allis CD, Strahl BD. Gene silencing: trans-histone regulatory pathway in chromatin. Nature. 2002 Aug 1;418(6897):498. Epub 2002 Jul 14. PMID:12152067 doi:10.1038/nature00970
- ↑ Kao CF, Hillyer C, Tsukuda T, Henry K, Berger S, Osley MA. Rad6 plays a role in transcriptional activation through ubiquitylation of histone H2B. Genes Dev. 2004 Jan 15;18(2):184-95. PMID:14752010 doi:10.1101/gad.1149604
- ↑ Yamashita K, Shinohara M, Shinohara A. Rad6-Bre1-mediated histone H2B ubiquitylation modulates the formation of double-strand breaks during meiosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 3;101(31):11380-5. Epub 2004 Jul 27. PMID:15280549 doi:10.1073/pnas.0400078101
- ↑ Ahn SH, Cheung WL, Hsu JY, Diaz RL, Smith MM, Allis CD. Sterile 20 kinase phosphorylates histone H2B at serine 10 during hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in S. cerevisiae. Cell. 2005 Jan 14;120(1):25-36. PMID:15652479 doi:S009286740401092X
- ↑ Ahn SH, Henderson KA, Keeney S, Allis CD. H2B (Ser10) phosphorylation is induced during apoptosis and meiosis in S. cerevisiae. Cell Cycle. 2005 Jun;4(6):780-3. Epub 2005 Jun 14. PMID:15970663
- ↑ Xiao T, Kao CF, Krogan NJ, Sun ZW, Greenblatt JF, Osley MA, Strahl BD. Histone H2B ubiquitylation is associated with elongating RNA polymerase II. Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Jan;25(2):637-51. PMID:15632065 doi:25/2/637
- ↑ Nathan D, Ingvarsdottir K, Sterner DE, Bylebyl GR, Dokmanovic M, Dorsey JA, Whelan KA, Krsmanovic M, Lane WS, Meluh PB, Johnson ES, Berger SL. Histone sumoylation is a negative regulator in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and shows dynamic interplay with positive-acting histone modifications. Genes Dev. 2006 Apr 15;20(8):966-76. Epub 2006 Apr 5. PMID:16598039 doi:gad.1404206
- ↑ White CL, Suto RK, Luger K. Structure of the yeast nucleosome core particle reveals fundamental changes in internucleosome interactions. EMBO J. 2001 Sep 17;20(18):5207-18. PMID:11566884 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/20.18.5207
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