| Structural highlights
Disease
[DYR1A_HUMAN] Defects in DYRK1A are the cause of mental retardation autosomal dominant type 7 (MRD7) [MIM:614104]. A disease characterized by primary microcephaly, severe mental retardation without speech, anxious autistic behavior, and dysmorphic features, including bitemporal narrowing, deep-set eyes, large simple ears, and a pointed nasal tip. Mental retardation is characterized by significantly below average general intellectual functioning associated with impairments in adaptative behavior and manifested during the developmental period.[1]
Function
[DYR1A_HUMAN] May play a role in a signaling pathway regulating nuclear functions of cell proliferation. Phosphorylates serine, threonine and tyrosine residues in its sequence and in exogenous substrates.[2]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs) play key roles in brain development, regulation of splicing, and apoptosis, and are potential drug targets for neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. We present crystal structures of one representative member of each DYRK subfamily: DYRK1A with an ATP-mimetic inhibitor and consensus peptide, and DYRK2 including NAPA and DH (DYRK homology) box regions. The current activation model suggests that DYRKs are Ser/Thr kinases that only autophosphorylate the second tyrosine of the activation loop YxY motif during protein translation. The structures explain the roles of this tyrosine and of the DH box in DYRK activation and provide a structural model for DYRK substrate recognition. Phosphorylation of a library of naturally occurring peptides identified substrate motifs that lack proline in the P+1 position, suggesting that DYRK1A is not a strictly proline-directed kinase. Our data also show that DYRK1A wild-type and Y321F mutant retain tyrosine autophosphorylation activity.
Structures of Down Syndrome Kinases, DYRKs, Reveal Mechanisms of Kinase Activation and Substrate Recognition.,Soundararajan M, Roos AK, Savitsky P, Filippakopoulos P, Kettenbach AN, Olsen JV, Gerber SA, Eswaran J, Knapp S, Elkins JM Structure. 2013 Jun 4;21(6):986-96. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2013.03.012. Epub 2013 May, 9. PMID:23665168[3]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ van Bon BW, Hoischen A, Hehir-Kwa J, de Brouwer AP, Ruivenkamp C, Gijsbers AC, Marcelis CL, de Leeuw N, Veltman JA, Brunner HG, de Vries BB. Intragenic deletion in DYRK1A leads to mental retardation and primary microcephaly. Clin Genet. 2011 Mar;79(3):296-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01544.x. PMID:21294719 doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2010.01544.x
- ↑ Shindoh N, Kudoh J, Maeda H, Yamaki A, Minoshima S, Shimizu Y, Shimizu N. Cloning of a human homolog of the Drosophila minibrain/rat Dyrk gene from "the Down syndrome critical region" of chromosome 21. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1996 Aug 5;225(1):92-9. PMID:8769099 doi:S0006-291X(96)91135-3
- ↑ Soundararajan M, Roos AK, Savitsky P, Filippakopoulos P, Kettenbach AN, Olsen JV, Gerber SA, Eswaran J, Knapp S, Elkins JM. Structures of Down Syndrome Kinases, DYRKs, Reveal Mechanisms of Kinase Activation and Substrate Recognition. Structure. 2013 Jun 4;21(6):986-96. doi: 10.1016/j.str.2013.03.012. Epub 2013 May, 9. PMID:23665168 doi:10.1016/j.str.2013.03.012
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