3c8x
From Proteopedia
Crystal structure of the ligand binding domain of human Ephrin A2 (Epha2) receptor protein kinase
Structural highlights
Disease[EPHA2_HUMAN] Genetic variations in EPHA2 are the cause of susceptibility to cataract cortical age-related type 2 (ARCC2) [MIM:613020]. A developmental punctate opacity common in the cortex and present in most lenses. The cataract is white or cerulean, increases in number with age, but rarely affects vision.[1] [2] Defects in EPHA2 are the cause of cataract posterior polar type 1 (CTPP1) [MIM:116600]. A subcapsular opacity, usually disk-shaped, located at the back of the lens. It can have a marked effect on visual acuity.[3] [4] [5] [6] Note=Overexpressed in several cancer types and promotes malignancy.[7] Function[EPHA2_HUMAN] Receptor tyrosine kinase which binds promiscuously membrane-bound ephrin-A family ligands residing on adjacent cells, leading to contact-dependent bidirectional signaling into neighboring cells. The signaling pathway downstream of the receptor is referred to as forward signaling while the signaling pathway downstream of the ephrin ligand is referred to as reverse signaling. Activated by the ligand ephrin-A1/EFNA1 regulates migration, integrin-mediated adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of cells. Regulates cell adhesion and differentiation through DSG1/desmoglein-1 and inhibition of the ERK1/ERK2 (MAPK3/MAPK1, respectively) signaling pathway. May also participate in UV radiation-induced apoptosis and have a ligand-independent stimulatory effect on chemotactic cell migration. During development, may function in distinctive aspects of pattern formation and subsequently in development of several fetal tissues. Involved for instance in angiogenesis, in early hindbrain development and epithelial proliferation and branching morphogenesis during mammary gland development. Engaged by the ligand ephrin-A5/EFNA5 may regulate lens fiber cells shape and interactions and be important for lens transparency development and maintenance. With ephrin-A2/EFNA2 may play a role in bone remodeling through regulation of osteoclastogenesis and osteoblastogenesis.[8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedEph receptor tyrosine kinases and their ephrin ligands regulate cell navigation during normal and oncogenic development. Signaling of Ephs is initiated in a multistep process leading to the assembly of higher-order signaling clusters that set off bidirectional signaling in interacting cells. However, the structural and mechanistic details of this assembly remained undefined. Here we present high-resolution structures of the complete EphA2 ectodomain and complexes with ephrin-A1 and A5 as the base unit of an Eph cluster. The structures reveal an elongated architecture with novel Eph/Eph interactions, both within and outside of the Eph ligand-binding domain, that suggest the molecular mechanism underlying Eph/ephrin clustering. Structure-function analysis, by using site-directed mutagenesis and cell-based signaling assays, confirms the importance of the identified oligomerization interfaces for Eph clustering. Architecture of Eph receptor clusters.,Himanen JP, Yermekbayeva L, Janes PW, Walker JR, Xu K, Atapattu L, Rajashankar KR, Mensinga A, Lackmann M, Nikolov DB, Dhe-Paganon S Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 May 26. PMID:20505120[14] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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Categories: Human | Receptor protein-tyrosine kinase | Arrowsmith, C H | Bochkarev, A | Bountra, C | Butler-Cole, C | Dhe-Paganon, S | Edwards, A M | Structural genomic | Seitova, A | Walker, J R | Weigelt, J | Yermekbayeva, L | Atp-binding | Glycoprotein | Kinase | Nucleotide-binding | Phosphoprotein | Phosphorylation | Receptor | Sgc | Transferase | Transmembrane | Tyrosine-protein kinase
