4rov
From Proteopedia
The crystal structure of novel APOBEC3G CD2 head-to-tail dimer suggests the binding mode of full-length APOBEC3G to HIV-1 ssDNA
Structural highlights
Function[ABC3G_HUMAN] DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) that mediates a form of innate resistance to retroviral infections (at least to HIV-1 infection) by triggering G-to-A hypermutation in the newly synthesized viral DNA. The replacements C-to-U in the minus strand DNA of HIV-1 during reverse transcription, leads to G-to-A transitions in the plus strand. The inhibition of viral replication is either due to the degradation of the minus strand before its integration or to the lethality of the hypermutations. Modification of both DNA strands is not excluded. This antiviral activity is neutralized by the virion infectivity factor (VIF), that prevents the incorporation of APOBEC3G into progeny HIV-1 virions by both inhibiting its translation and/or by inducing its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome. May also prevent the transposition of a subset of retroelements. Binds a variety of RNAs, but does not display detectable APOB, NF1 and NAT1 mRNA editing.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] Publication Abstract from PubMedAPOBEC3G (A3G) is a DNA cytidine deaminase (CD) that demonstrates antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and other pathogenic virus. It has an inactive N-terminal CD1 virus infectivity factor (Vif) protein binding domain (A3G-CD1) and an actively catalytic C-terminal CD2 deamination domain (A3G-CD2). Although many studies on the structure of A3G-CD2 and enzymatic properties of full-length A3G have been reported, the mechanism of how A3G interacts with HIV-1 single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) is still not well characterized. Here, we reported a crystal structure of a novel A3G-CD2 head-to-tail dimer (in which the N terminus of the monomer H (head) interacts with the C terminus of monomer T (tail)), where a continuous DNA binding groove was observed. By constructing the A3G-CD1 structural model, we found that its overall fold was almost identical to that of A3G-CD2. We mutated the residues located in or along the groove in monomer H and the residues in A3G-CD1 that correspond to those seated in or along the groove in monomer T. Then, by performing enzymatic assays, we confirmed the reported key elements and the residues in A3G necessary to the catalytic deamination. Moreover, we identified more than 10 residues in A3G essential to DNA binding and deamination reaction. Therefore, this dimer structure may represent a structural model of full-length A3G, which indicates a possible binding mode of A3G to HIV-1 ssDNA. Crystal structure of DNA cytidine deaminase ABOBEC3G catalytic deamination domain suggests a binding mode of full-length enzyme to single-stranded DNA.,Lu X, Zhang T, Xu Z, Liu S, Zhao B, Lan W, Wang C, Ding J, Cao C J Biol Chem. 2015 Feb 13;290(7):4010-21. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.624262. Epub 2014 , Dec 25. PMID:25542899[13] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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Categories: Cao, C | Ding, J | Lan, W | Liu, S | Lu, X | Wang, C | Xu, Z | Zhang, T | Zhao, B | Deamination | Dna binding | Dna deamination | Hydrolase | Zinc finger
