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Lysophosphatidic Acid
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a lipid signalling molecule that is present in nearly all cells, tissues, and fluids of the body. LPA is produced from extracellular lysophospholipids by the enzyme autotaxin, and it is derived from membrane glycerophospholipids by phospholipases. LPA interacts with at least six G protein-coupled receptors LPA1-LPA6.
Function
Human lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 is coupled to a heterotrimeric G protein. The three G alpha proteins that LPA1 couples to are Gi, Gq, and G12/13. The main function of the Gi alpha subunit is the inhibition of the production of cAMP from ATP. cAMP... The Gq alpha subunit activates phospholipase C. The G12/13 subunit regulates cell processes through the use of guanine nucleotide exchange factors.
LPA is part of the EDG family which includes the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors.
Targeted deletion of LPA receptors has had an effect on every organ system examined.
Structure
LPA1 is a 7 helical transmembrane protein.
There are many different stabilizing factors in the structure of this receptor.
Similarities to S1P
Clinical Relevance
Infertility
Fibrosis
Cancer
Endocannabinoids
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