Structural highlights
4z3k is a 4 chain structure. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
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| Ligands: | , , , |
| Related: | 4xwy |
| Activity: | Sepiapterin reductase (L-erythro-7,8-dihydrobiopterin forming), with EC number 1.1.1.153 |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Disease
[SPRE_HUMAN] Defects in SPR are the cause of dystonia DOPA-responsive due to sepiapterin reductase deficiency (DRDSPRD) [MIM:612716]. In the majority of cases, patients manifest progressive psychomotor retardation, dystonia and spasticity. Cognitive anomalies are also often present. The disease is due to severe dopamine and serotonin deficiencies in the central nervous system caused by a defect in BH4 synthesis. Dystonia is defined by the presence of sustained involuntary muscle contractions, often leading to abnormal postures.[1] [2] [3]
Function
[SPRE_HUMAN] Catalyzes the final one or two reductions in tetra-hydrobiopterin biosynthesis to form 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Tryptophan metabolites in the kynurenine pathway are up-regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines or glucocorticoids, and are linked to anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive activities. In addition, they are up-regulated in pathologies such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and psychiatric disorders. The molecular mechanisms of how kynurenine pathway metabolites cause these effects are incompletely understood. On the other hand, pro-inflammatory cytokines also up-regulate the amounts of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an enzyme cofactor essential for the synthesis of several neurotransmitter and nitric oxide species. Here we show that xanthurenic acid is a potent inhibitor of sepiapterin reductase (SPR), the final enzyme in de novo BH4 synthesis. The crystal structure of xanthurenic acid bound to the active site of SPR reveals why among all kynurenine pathway metabolites xanthurenic acid is the most potent SPR inhibitor. Our findings suggest that increased xanthurenic acid levels resulting from up-regulation of the kynurenine pathway could attenuate BH4 biosynthesis and BH4-dependent enzymatic reactions, linking two major metabolic pathways known to be highly up-regulated in inflammation.
Tetrahydrobiopterin Biosynthesis as a Potential Target of the Kynurenine Pathway Metabolite Xanthurenic Acid.,Haruki H, Hovius R, Pedersen MG, Johnsson K J Biol Chem. 2016 Jan 8;291(2):652-7. doi: 10.1074/jbc.C115.680488. Epub 2015 Nov, 12. PMID:26565027[4]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Bonafe L, Thony B, Penzien JM, Czarnecki B, Blau N. Mutations in the sepiapterin reductase gene cause a novel tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent monoamine-neurotransmitter deficiency without hyperphenylalaninemia. Am J Hum Genet. 2001 Aug;69(2):269-77. Epub 2001 Jul 6. PMID:11443547 doi:10.1086/321970
- ↑ Abeling NG, Duran M, Bakker HD, Stroomer L, Thony B, Blau N, Booij J, Poll-The BT. Sepiapterin reductase deficiency an autosomal recessive DOPA-responsive dystonia. Mol Genet Metab. 2006 Sep-Oct;89(1-2):116-20. Epub 2006 May 2. PMID:16650784 doi:10.1016/j.ymgme.2006.03.010
- ↑ Friedman J, Hyland K, Blau N, MacCollin M. Dopa-responsive hypersomnia and mixed movement disorder due to sepiapterin reductase deficiency. Neurology. 2006 Dec 12;67(11):2032-5. PMID:17159114 doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000247274.21261.b4
- ↑ Haruki H, Hovius R, Pedersen MG, Johnsson K. Tetrahydrobiopterin Biosynthesis as a Potential Target of the Kynurenine Pathway Metabolite Xanthurenic Acid. J Biol Chem. 2016 Jan 8;291(2):652-7. doi: 10.1074/jbc.C115.680488. Epub 2015 Nov, 12. PMID:26565027 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.C115.680488
