5c6h

Structural highlights

Disease

[HUWE1_HUMAN] Defects in HUWE1 are the cause of mental retardation syndromic X-linked Turner type (MRXST) [MIM:300706]; also known as mental retardation and macrocephaly syndrome. MRXST shows clinical variability. Associated phenotypes include macrocephaly and variable contractures. A chromosomal microduplication involving HUWE1 and HSD17B10 is the cause of mental retardation X-linked type 17 (MRX17) [MIM:300705]; also known as mental retardation X-linked type 31 (MRX31). Mental retardation is characterized by significantly sub-average general intellectual functioning associated with impairments in adaptative behavior and manifested during the developmental period. In contrast to syndromic or specific X-linked mental retardation which also present with associated physical, neurological and/or psychiatric manifestations, intellectual deficiency is the only primary symptom of non-syndromic X-linked mental retardation.^[1]

Function

[MCL1_HUMAN] Involved in the regulation of apoptosis versus cell survival, and in the maintenance of viability but not of proliferation. Mediates its effects by interactions with a number of other regulators of apoptosis. Isoform 1 inhibits apoptosis. Isoform 2 promotes apoptosis.^[2] [HUWE1_HUMAN] E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase which mediates ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of target proteins. Regulates apoptosis by catalyzing the polyubiquitination and degradation of MCL1. Mediates monoubiquitination of DNA polymerase beta (POLB) at 'Lys-41', 'Lys-61' and 'Lys-81', thereby playing a role in base-excision repair. Also ubiquitinates the p53/TP53 tumor suppressor and core histones including H1, H2A, H2B, H3 and H4. Binds to an upstream initiator-like sequence in the preprodynorphin gene. Regulates neural differentiation and proliferation by catalyzing the polyubiquitination and degradation of MYCN. May regulate abundance of CDC6 after DNA damage by polyubiquitinating and targeting CDC6 to degradation.^{[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9]}

References

1. ↑ Froyen G, Corbett M, Vandewalle J, Jarvela I, Lawrence O, Meldrum C, Bauters M, Govaerts K, Vandeleur L, Van Esch H, Chelly J, Sanlaville D, van Bokhoven H, Ropers HH, Laumonnier F, Ranieri E, Schwartz CE, Abidi F, Tarpey PS, Futreal PA, Whibley A, Raymond FL, Stratton MR, Fryns JP, Scott R, Peippo M, Sipponen M, Partington M, Mowat D, Field M, Hackett A, Marynen P, Turner G, Gecz J. Submicroscopic duplications of the hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase HSD17B10 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase HUWE1 are associated with mental retardation. Am J Hum Genet. 2008 Feb;82(2):432-43. Epub 2008 Jan 24. PMID:18252223 doi:S0002-9297(07)00036-5
2. ↑ Bingle CD, Craig RW, Swales BM, Singleton V, Zhou P, Whyte MK. Exon skipping in Mcl-1 results in a bcl-2 homology domain 3 only gene product that promotes cell death. J Biol Chem. 2000 Jul 21;275(29):22136-46. PMID:10766760 doi:10.1074/jbc.M909572199
3. ↑ Chen D, Kon N, Li M, Zhang W, Qin J, Gu W. ARF-BP1/Mule is a critical mediator of the ARF tumor suppressor. Cell. 2005 Jul 1;121(7):1071-83. PMID:15989956 doi:S0092-8674(05)00356-9
4. ↑ Zhong Q, Gao W, Du F, Wang X. Mule/ARF-BP1, a BH3-only E3 ubiquitin ligase, catalyzes the polyubiquitination of Mcl-1 and regulates apoptosis. Cell. 2005 Jul 1;121(7):1085-95. PMID:15989957 doi:S0092-8674(05)00556-8
5. ↑ Liu Z, Oughtred R, Wing SS. Characterization of E3Histone, a novel testis ubiquitin protein ligase which ubiquitinates histones. Mol Cell Biol. 2005 Apr;25(7):2819-31. PMID:15767685 doi:25/7/2819
6. ↑ Yoon SY, Lee Y, Kim JH, Chung AS, Joo JH, Kim CN, Kim NS, Choe IS, Kim JW. Over-expression of human UREB1 in colorectal cancer: HECT domain of human UREB1 inhibits the activity of tumor suppressor p53 protein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2005 Jan 7;326(1):7-17. PMID:15567145 doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.11.004
7. ↑ Hall JR, Kow E, Nevis KR, Lu CK, Luce KS, Zhong Q, Cook JG. Cdc6 stability is regulated by the Huwe1 ubiquitin ligase after DNA damage. Mol Biol Cell. 2007 Sep;18(9):3340-50. Epub 2007 Jun 13. PMID:17567951 doi:E07-02-0173
8. ↑ Zhao X, Heng JI, Guardavaccaro D, Jiang R, Pagano M, Guillemot F, Iavarone A, Lasorella A. The HECT-domain ubiquitin ligase Huwe1 controls neural differentiation and proliferation by destabilizing the N-Myc oncoprotein. Nat Cell Biol. 2008 Jun;10(6):643-53. Epub 2008 May 18. PMID:18488021 doi:ncb1727
9. ↑ Parsons JL, Tait PS, Finch D, Dianova II, Edelmann MJ, Khoronenkova SV, Kessler BM, Sharma RA, McKenna WG, Dianov GL. Ubiquitin ligase ARF-BP1/Mule modulates base excision repair. EMBO J. 2009 Oct 21;28(20):3207-15. doi: 10.1038/emboj.2009.243. Epub 2009 Aug, 27. PMID:19713937 doi:10.1038/emboj.2009.243