| Structural highlights
Function
[NEK2_HUMAN] Protein kinase which is involved in the control of centrosome separation and bipolar spindle formation in mitotic cells and chromatin condensation in meiotic cells. Regulates centrosome separation (essential for the formation of bipolar spindles and high-fidelity chromosome separation) by phosphorylating centrosomal proteins such as CROCC, CEP250 and NINL, resulting in their displacement from the centrosomes. Regulates kinetochore microtubule attachment stability in mitosis via phosphorylation of NDC80. Involved in regulation of mitotic checkpoint protein complex via phosphorylation of CDC20 and MAD2L1. Plays an active role in chromatin condensation during the first meiotic division through phosphorylation of HMGA2. Phosphorylates: PPP1CC; SGOL1; NECAB3 and NPM1. Essential for localization of MAD2L1 to kinetochore and MAPK1 and NPM1 to the centrosome. Isoform 1 phosphorylates and activates NEK11 in G1/S-arrested cells. Isoform 2, which is not present in the nucleolus, does not.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Nek2 (NIMA-related kinase 2) is a cell cycle-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase that regulates centrosome separation at the onset of mitosis. Overexpression of Nek2 is common in human cancers and suppression can restrict tumor cell growth and promote apoptosis. Nek2 inhibition with small molecules, therefore, offers the prospect of a new therapy for cancer. To achieve this goal, a better understanding of the requirements for selective-inhibition of Nek2 is required. 6-Alkoxypurines were identified as ATP-competitive inhibitors of Nek2 and CDK2. Comparison with CDK2-inhibitor structures indicated that judicious modification of the 6-alkoxy and 2-arylamino substituents could achieve discrimination between Nek2 and CDK2. In this study, a library of 6-cyclohexylmethoxy-2-arylaminopurines bearing carboxamide, sulfonamide and urea substituents on the 2-arylamino ring was synthesized. Few of these compounds were selective for Nek2 over CDK2, with the best result being obtained for 3-((6-(cyclohexylmethoxy)-9H-purin-2-yl)amino)-N,N-dimethylbenzamide (CDK2 IC50 = 7.0 muM; Nek2 IC50 = 0.62 muM) with >10-fold selectivity. Deletion of the 6-substituent abrogated activity against both Nek2 and CDK2. Nine compounds containing an (E)-dialkylaminovinyl substituent at C-6, all showed selectivity for Nek2, e.g. (E)-6-(2-(azepan-1-yl)vinyl)-N-phenyl-9H-purin-2-amine (CDK2 IC50 = 2.70 muM; Nek2 IC50 = 0.27 muM). Structural biology of selected compounds enabled a partial rationalization of the observed structure activity relationships and mechanism of Nek2 activation. This showed that carboxamide 11 is the first reported inhibitor of Nek2 in the DFG-in conformation.
Structure-guided design of purine-based probes for selective Nek2 inhibition.,Coxon CR, Wong C, Bayliss R, Boxall K, Carr KH, Fry AM, Hardcastle IR, Matheson CJ, Newell DR, Sivaprakasam M, Thomas H, Turner D, Yeoh S, Wang LZ, Griffin RJ, Golding BT, Cano C Oncotarget. 2016 Nov 9. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13249. PMID:27833088[14]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Hames RS, Fry AM. Alternative splice variants of the human centrosome kinase Nek2 exhibit distinct patterns of expression in mitosis. Biochem J. 2002 Jan 1;361(Pt 1):77-85. PMID:11742531
- ↑ Lou Y, Yao J, Zereshki A, Dou Z, Ahmed K, Wang H, Hu J, Wang Y, Yao X. NEK2A interacts with MAD1 and possibly functions as a novel integrator of the spindle checkpoint signaling. J Biol Chem. 2004 May 7;279(19):20049-57. Epub 2004 Feb 20. PMID:14978040 doi:10.1074/jbc.M314205200
- ↑ Faragher AJ, Fry AM. Nek2A kinase stimulates centrosome disjunction and is required for formation of bipolar mitotic spindles. Mol Biol Cell. 2003 Jul;14(7):2876-89. Epub 2003 Apr 17. PMID:12857871 doi:10.1091/mbc.E03-02-0108
- ↑ Lou Y, Xie W, Zhang DF, Yao JH, Luo ZF, Wang YZ, Shi YY, Yao XB. Nek2A specifies the centrosomal localization of Erk2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Aug 20;321(2):495-501. PMID:15358203 doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.06.171
- ↑ Yao J, Fu C, Ding X, Guo Z, Zenreski A, Chen Y, Ahmed K, Liao J, Dou Z, Yao X. Nek2A kinase regulates the localization of numatrin to centrosome in mitosis. FEBS Lett. 2004 Sep 24;575(1-3):112-8. PMID:15388344 doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2004.08.047
- ↑ Noguchi K, Fukazawa H, Murakami Y, Uehara Y. Nucleolar Nek11 is a novel target of Nek2A in G1/S-arrested cells. J Biol Chem. 2004 Jul 30;279(31):32716-27. Epub 2004 May 25. PMID:15161910 doi:10.1074/jbc.M404104200
- ↑ Mi J, Guo C, Brautigan DL, Larner JM. Protein phosphatase-1alpha regulates centrosome splitting through Nek2. Cancer Res. 2007 Feb 1;67(3):1082-9. PMID:17283141 doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-3071
- ↑ Fu G, Ding X, Yuan K, Aikhionbare F, Yao J, Cai X, Jiang K, Yao X. Phosphorylation of human Sgo1 by NEK2A is essential for chromosome congression in mitosis. Cell Res. 2007 Jul;17(7):608-18. PMID:17621308 doi:10.1038/cr.2007.55
- ↑ Wu W, Baxter JE, Wattam SL, Hayward DG, Fardilha M, Knebel A, Ford EM, da Cruz e Silva EF, Fry AM. Alternative splicing controls nuclear translocation of the cell cycle-regulated Nek2 kinase. J Biol Chem. 2007 Sep 7;282(36):26431-40. Epub 2007 Jul 11. PMID:17626005 doi:10.1074/jbc.M704969200
- ↑ Bahmanyar S, Kaplan DD, Deluca JG, Giddings TH Jr, O'Toole ET, Winey M, Salmon ED, Casey PJ, Nelson WJ, Barth AI. beta-Catenin is a Nek2 substrate involved in centrosome separation. Genes Dev. 2008 Jan 1;22(1):91-105. Epub 2007 Dec 17. PMID:18086858 doi:10.1101/gad.1596308
- ↑ Du J, Cai X, Yao J, Ding X, Wu Q, Pei S, Jiang K, Zhang Y, Wang W, Shi Y, Lai Y, Shen J, Teng M, Huang H, Fei Q, Reddy ES, Zhu J, Jin C, Yao X. The mitotic checkpoint kinase NEK2A regulates kinetochore microtubule attachment stability. Oncogene. 2008 Jul 3;27(29):4107-14. doi: 10.1038/onc.2008.34. Epub 2008 Feb 25. PMID:18297113 doi:10.1038/onc.2008.34
- ↑ Liu Q, Hirohashi Y, Du X, Greene MI, Wang Q. Nek2 targets the mitotic checkpoint proteins Mad2 and Cdc20: a mechanism for aneuploidy in cancer. Exp Mol Pathol. 2010 Apr;88(2):225-33. doi: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2009.12.004. Epub, 2009 Dec 23. PMID:20034488 doi:10.1016/j.yexmp.2009.12.004
- ↑ Mardin BR, Lange C, Baxter JE, Hardy T, Scholz SR, Fry AM, Schiebel E. Components of the Hippo pathway cooperate with Nek2 kinase to regulate centrosome disjunction. Nat Cell Biol. 2010 Dec;12(12):1166-76. doi: 10.1038/ncb2120. Epub 2010 Nov 14. PMID:21076410 doi:10.1038/ncb2120
- ↑ Coxon CR, Wong C, Bayliss R, Boxall K, Carr KH, Fry AM, Hardcastle IR, Matheson CJ, Newell DR, Sivaprakasam M, Thomas H, Turner D, Yeoh S, Wang LZ, Griffin RJ, Golding BT, Cano C. Structure-guided design of purine-based probes for selective Nek2 inhibition. Oncotarget. 2016 Nov 9. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.13249. PMID:27833088 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.13249
|
