5had

Structural highlights

Function

[ARC6_ARATH] Component of the plastid division machinery. Involved in the initiation of proplastid and plastid division (including chloroplasts, statoliths and leukoplasts). Promotes the assembly and/or stabilization of the plastid-dividing FtsZ ring, functioning as an antagonistic regulator of FtsZ dynamics against CDP1. Relays plastid division site position between stroma and outer surface via interactions with the stromal FtsZ ring and the outer membrane PDV2 that recruits cytoplasmic ARC5 ring. Required for plastid equatorial positioning of PDV2 and ARC5. May contribute to gravitropism in stems and hypocotyls. Seems to influence stromule (stroma-filled tubular extensions of the plastid envelope membrane) length and frequency.^{[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8]}

References

1. ↑ Marrison JL, Rutherford SM, Robertson EJ, Lister C, Dean C, Leech RM. The distinctive roles of five different ARC genes in the chloroplast division process in Arabidopsis. Plant J. 1999 Jun;18(6):651-62. PMID:10417716
2. ↑ Yamamoto K, Pyke KA, Kiss JZ. Reduced gravitropism in inflorescence stems and hypocotyls, but not roots, of Arabidopsis mutants with large plastids. Physiol Plant. 2002 Apr;114(4):627-636. PMID:11975738
3. ↑ Pyke KA, Rutherford SM, Robertson EJ, Leech RM. arc6, A Fertile Arabidopsis Mutant with Only Two Mesophyll Cell Chloroplasts. Plant Physiol. 1994 Nov;106(3):1169-1177. PMID:12232400
4. ↑ Vitha S, Froehlich JE, Koksharova O, Pyke KA, van Erp H, Osteryoung KW. ARC6 is a J-domain plastid division protein and an evolutionary descendant of the cyanobacterial cell division protein Ftn2. Plant Cell. 2003 Aug;15(8):1918-33. PMID:12897262
5. ↑ Holzinger A, Kwok EY, Hanson MR. Effects of arc3, arc5 and arc6 mutations on plastid morphology and stromule formation in green and nongreen tissues of Arabidopsis thaliana. Photochem Photobiol. 2008 Nov-Dec;84(6):1324-35. doi:, 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00437.x. Epub 2008 Aug 29. PMID:18764889 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-1097.2008.00437.x
6. ↑ Glynn JM, Froehlich JE, Osteryoung KW. Arabidopsis ARC6 coordinates the division machineries of the inner and outer chloroplast membranes through interaction with PDV2 in the intermembrane space. Plant Cell. 2008 Sep;20(9):2460-70. doi: 10.1105/tpc.108.061440. Epub 2008 Sep, 23. PMID:18812496 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1105/tpc.108.061440
7. ↑ Robertson EJ, Pyke KA, Leech RM. arc6, an extreme chloroplast division mutant of Arabidopsis also alters proplastid proliferation and morphology in shoot and root apices. J Cell Sci. 1995 Sep;108 ( Pt 9):2937-44. PMID:8537433
8. ↑ Pyke KA, Page AM. Plastid ontogeny during petal development in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 1998 Feb;116(2):797-803. PMID:9489024