1sl3
From Proteopedia
crystal structue of Thrombin in complex with a potent P1 heterocycle-Aryl based inhibitor
Structural highlights
Disease[THRB_HUMAN] Defects in F2 are the cause of factor II deficiency (FA2D) [MIM:613679]. It is a very rare blood coagulation disorder characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms. The severity of the bleeding manifestations correlates with blood factor II levels.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] Genetic variations in F2 may be a cause of susceptibility to ischemic stroke (ISCHSTR) [MIM:601367]; also known as cerebrovascular accident or cerebral infarction. A stroke is an acute neurologic event leading to death of neural tissue of the brain and resulting in loss of motor, sensory and/or cognitive function. Ischemic strokes, resulting from vascular occlusion, is considered to be a highly complex disease consisting of a group of heterogeneous disorders with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors.[13] Defects in F2 are the cause of thrombophilia due to thrombin defect (THPH1) [MIM:188050]. It is a multifactorial disorder of hemostasis characterized by abnormal platelet aggregation in response to various agents and recurrent thrombi formation. Note=A common genetic variation in the 3-prime untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increased risk of venous thrombosis. Defects in F2 are associated with susceptibility to pregnancy loss, recurrent, type 2 (RPRGL2) [MIM:614390]. A common complication of pregnancy, resulting in spontaneous abortion before the fetus has reached viability. The term includes all miscarriages from the time of conception until 24 weeks of gestation. Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as 3 or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.[14] Function[THRB_HUMAN] Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostasis, inflammation and wound healing.[15] [HIR2_HIRME] Hirudin is a potent thrombin-specific protease inhibitor. It forms a stable non-covalent complex with alpha-thrombin, thereby abolishing its ability to cleave fibrinogen. Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedIn an effort to discover potent, clinically useful thrombin inhibitors, a rapid analogue synthetic approach was used to explore the P(1) region. Various benzylamines were coupled to a pyridine/pyrazinone P(2)-P(3) template. One compound with an o-thiadiazole benzylic substitution was found to have a thrombin K(i) of 0.84 nM. A study of ortho-substituted five-membered-ring heterocycles was undertaken and subsequently demonstrated that the o-triazole and tetrazole rings were optimal. Combination of these potent P(1) aryl heterocycles with a variety of P(2)-P(3) groups produced a compound with an extraordinary thrombin inhibitory activity of 1.4 pM. It is hoped that this potency enhancement in P(1) will allow for more diversification in the P(2)-P(3) region to ultimately address additional pharmacological concerns. Discovery and evaluation of potent P1 aryl heterocycle-based thrombin inhibitors.,Young MB, Barrow JC, Glass KL, Lundell GF, Newton CL, Pellicore JM, Rittle KE, Selnick HG, Stauffer KJ, Vacca JP, Williams PD, Bohn D, Clayton FC, Cook JJ, Krueger JA, Kuo LC, Lewis SD, Lucas BJ, McMasters DR, Miller-Stein C, Pietrak BL, Wallace AA, White RB, Wong B, Yan Y, Nantermet PG J Med Chem. 2004 Jun 3;47(12):2995-3008. PMID:15163182[16] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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Categories: Hirme | Human | Thrombin | Barrow, J C | Bohn, D | Clayton, F C | Cook, J J | Glass, K L | Krueger, J A | Kuo, L C | Lewis, S D | Lucas, B J | Lundell, G F | McMasters, D R | Miller-Stein, C | Newton, C L | Pellicore, J M | Pietrak, B L | Rittle, K E | Selnick, H G | Stauffer, K J | Vacca, J P | Williams, P D | Young, M B | Blood clotting | Hydrolase-inhibitor complex | Thrombin inhibitor complex
