1ypl
From Proteopedia
X-ray crystal structure of thrombin inhibited by synthetic cyanopeptide analogue RA-1008
Structural highlights
Disease[THRB_HUMAN] Defects in F2 are the cause of factor II deficiency (FA2D) [MIM:613679]. It is a very rare blood coagulation disorder characterized by mucocutaneous bleeding symptoms. The severity of the bleeding manifestations correlates with blood factor II levels.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] Genetic variations in F2 may be a cause of susceptibility to ischemic stroke (ISCHSTR) [MIM:601367]; also known as cerebrovascular accident or cerebral infarction. A stroke is an acute neurologic event leading to death of neural tissue of the brain and resulting in loss of motor, sensory and/or cognitive function. Ischemic strokes, resulting from vascular occlusion, is considered to be a highly complex disease consisting of a group of heterogeneous disorders with multiple genetic and environmental risk factors.[13] Defects in F2 are the cause of thrombophilia due to thrombin defect (THPH1) [MIM:188050]. It is a multifactorial disorder of hemostasis characterized by abnormal platelet aggregation in response to various agents and recurrent thrombi formation. Note=A common genetic variation in the 3-prime untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increased risk of venous thrombosis. Defects in F2 are associated with susceptibility to pregnancy loss, recurrent, type 2 (RPRGL2) [MIM:614390]. A common complication of pregnancy, resulting in spontaneous abortion before the fetus has reached viability. The term includes all miscarriages from the time of conception until 24 weeks of gestation. Recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as 3 or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.[14] Function[THRB_HUMAN] Thrombin, which cleaves bonds after Arg and Lys, converts fibrinogen to fibrin and activates factors V, VII, VIII, XIII, and, in complex with thrombomodulin, protein C. Functions in blood homeostasis, inflammation and wound healing.[15] [HIR2_HIRME] Hirudin is a potent thrombin-specific protease inhibitor. It forms a stable non-covalent complex with alpha-thrombin, thereby abolishing its ability to cleave fibrinogen. Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedBased on the X-ray crystals of cocrystallized cyanopeptide-trypsin and cyanopeptide-thrombin-com-plexes, a rational drug design succeeded in the establishment of suitable lead structures for the development of new potential inhibitors of thrombin. This report deals with the design and X-ray crystallography data of new synthetic, low-molecular weight cyanopeptide-analogues, RA-1008 and RA-1014, complexed with human alpha-thrombin at 1.85 A resolution. The crystal structures of the complexes reveal, by analogy with modeling studies, that the salt bridge of Asp189 to this type of synthetic thrombin inhibitors leads to an almost identically binding into the S1 specificity pocket in comparison to the complex of the natural products, whereas in the overall binding modes the P2-P4 substructures differ from those of the leads. The strongest member of the second series of described thrombin inhibitors, RA-1014, shows in the crystal complex with thrombin a slightly higher affinity towards the enzyme than RA-1008 as confirmed by inhibition tests. This result and other key informations will be helpful to design a more potent series of inhibitors. Design and X-ray crystal structures of human thrombin with synthetic cyanopeptide-analogues.,Radau G, Fokkens J Pharmazie. 2007 Feb;62(2):83-8. PMID:17341023[16] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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