Structural highlights
Disease
[RN5A_HUMAN] Defects in RNASEL are a cause of susceptibility to prostate cancer hereditary type 1 (HPC1) [MIM:601518]. It is a condition associated with familial predisposition to cancer of the prostate. Most prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas that develop in the acini of the prostatic ducts. Other rare histopathologic types of prostate cancer that occur in approximately 5% of patients include small cell carcinoma, mucinous carcinoma, prostatic ductal carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma (basaloid), signet-ring cell carcinoma and neuroendocrine carcinoma.
Function
[RN5A_HUMAN] Endoribonuclease that functions in the interferon (IFN) antiviral response. In INF treated and virus infected cells, RNASEL probably mediates its antiviral effects through a combination of direct cleavage of single-stranded viral RNAs, inhibition of protein synthesis through the degradation of rRNA, induction of apoptosis, and induction of other antiviral genes. RNASEL mediated apoptosis is the result of a JNK-dependent stress-response pathway leading to cytochrome c release from mitochondria and caspase-dependent apoptosis. Therefore, activation of RNASEL could lead to elimination of virus infected cells under some circumstances. Might play a central role in the regulation of mRNA turnover.[1]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
One of the hallmark mechanisms activated by type I interferons (IFNs) in human tissues involves cleavage of intracellular RNA by the kinase homology endoribonuclease, RNase L. We report 2.8 A and 2.1 A crystal structures of human RNase L in complexes with synthetic and natural ligands, and a fragment of an RNA substrate. RNase L forms a crossed homodimer stabilized by ankyrin (ANK) and kinase homology (KH) domains, which positions two kinase extension nuclease (KEN) domains for asymmetric RNA recognition. One KEN protomer recognizes an identity nucleotide (U), whereas the other protomer cleaves RNA between nucleotides +1 and +2. The coordinated action of the ANK, KH, and KEN domains thereby provides regulated, sequence-specific cleavage of viral and host RNA targets by RNase L.
Structure of Human RNase L Reveals the Basis for Regulated RNA Decay in the IFN Response.,Han Y, Donovan J, Rath S, Whitney G, Chitrakar A, Korennykh A Science. 2014 Feb 27. PMID:24578532[2]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Le Roy F, Bisbal C, Silhol M, Martinand C, Lebleu B, Salehzada T. The 2-5A/RNase L/RNase L inhibitor (RLI) [correction of (RNI)] pathway regulates mitochondrial mRNAs stability in interferon alpha-treated H9 cells. J Biol Chem. 2001 Dec 21;276(51):48473-82. Epub 2001 Oct 3. PMID:11585831 doi:10.1074/jbc.M107482200
- ↑ Han Y, Donovan J, Rath S, Whitney G, Chitrakar A, Korennykh A. Structure of Human RNase L Reveals the Basis for Regulated RNA Decay in the IFN Response. Science. 2014 Feb 27. PMID:24578532 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1249845
