Structural highlights
Disease
[CYTB_HUMAN] Defects in CSTB are the cause of progressive myoclonic epilepsy type 1 (EPM1) [MIM:254800]. EPM1 is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe, stimulus-sensitive myoclonus and tonic-clonic seizures. The onset, occurring between 6 and 13 years of age, is characterized by convulsions. Myoclonus begins 1 to 5 years later. The twitchings occur predominantly in the proximal muscles of the extremities and are bilaterally symmetrical, although asynchronous. At first small, they become late in the clinical course so violent that the victim is thrown to the floor. Mental deterioration and eventually dementia develop.[1]
Function
[CYTB_HUMAN] This is an intracellular thiol proteinase inhibitor. Tightly binding reversible inhibitor of cathepsins L, H and B.
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
A stoichiometric complex of human stefin B and carboxymethylated papain has been crystallized in a trigonal crystal form. Data to 2.37 A resolution were collected using the area detector diffractometer FAST. The crystal structure of the complex has been solved by Patterson search techniques using papain as search model. Starting from the structure of chicken cystatin, the stefin structure was elucidated through cycles of model building and crystallographic refinement. The current crystallographic R factor is 0.19. Like cystatin, the stefin molecule consists of a five stranded beta-sheet wrapped around a five turn alpha-helix, but with an additional carboxy terminal strand running along the convex side of the sheet. Topological equivalence of stefin and cystatin reveal the previous sequence alignment to be incorrect in part, through deletion of the intermediate helix. The conserved residues form a tripartite wedge, which slots into the papain active site as proposed through consideration of the tertiary structures of the individual components (Bode et al., 1988). The main interactions are provided by the amino terminal 'trunk' (occupying the 'unprimed' subsites of the enzyme), and by the first hairpin loop, containing the highly conserved QVVAG sequence, with minor contributions from the second hairpin loop. The carboxyl terminus of stefin provides an additional interaction region with respect to cystatin. The interaction is dominated by hydrophobic contacts. Inhibition by the cysteine proteinase inhibitors is fundamentally different to that observed for the serine proteinase inhibitors.
The refined 2.4 A X-ray crystal structure of recombinant human stefin B in complex with the cysteine proteinase papain: a novel type of proteinase inhibitor interaction.,Stubbs MT, Laber B, Bode W, Huber R, Jerala R, Lenarcic B, Turk V EMBO J. 1990 Jun;9(6):1939-47. PMID:2347312[2]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Lalioti MD, Mirotsou M, Buresi C, Peitsch MC, Rossier C, Ouazzani R, Baldy-Moulinier M, Bottani A, Malafosse A, Antonarakis SE. Identification of mutations in cystatin B, the gene responsible for the Unverricht-Lundborg type of progressive myoclonus epilepsy (EPM1). Am J Hum Genet. 1997 Feb;60(2):342-51. PMID:9012407
- ↑ Stubbs MT, Laber B, Bode W, Huber R, Jerala R, Lenarcic B, Turk V. The refined 2.4 A X-ray crystal structure of recombinant human stefin B in complex with the cysteine proteinase papain: a novel type of proteinase inhibitor interaction. EMBO J. 1990 Jun;9(6):1939-47. PMID:2347312
