Structural highlights
Disease
[CAH12_HUMAN] Defects in CA12 are the cause of hyperchlorhidrosis isolated (HCHLH) [MIM:143860]. HCHLH is a disorder characterized by excessive sweating and increased sweat chloride levels. Affected individuals suffer from episodes of hyponatremic dehydration and report increased amounts of visible salt precipitates in sweat.[1]
Function
[CAH12_HUMAN] Reversible hydration of carbon dioxide.
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Overexpression of the zinc enzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA; EC ) XII is observed in certain human cancers. This bitopic membrane protein contains an N-terminal extracellular catalytic domain, a membrane-spanning alpha-helix, and a small intracellular C-terminal domain. We have determined the three-dimensional structure of the extracellular catalytic domain of human CA XII by x-ray crystallographic methods at 1.55-A resolution. The structure reveals a prototypical CA fold; however, two CA XII domains associate to form an isologous dimer, an observation that is confirmed by studies of the enzyme in solution. The identification of signature GXXXG and GXXXS motifs in the transmembrane sequence that facilitate helix-helix association is additionally consistent with dimeric architecture. The dimer interface is situated so that the active site clefts of each monomer are clearly exposed on one face of the dimer, and the C termini are located together on the opposite face of the dimer to facilitate membrane interaction. The amino acid composition of the active-site cleft closely resembles that of the other CA isozymes in the immediate vicinity of the catalytic zinc ion, but differs in the region of the nearby alpha-helical "130's segment." The structure of the CA XII-acetazolamide complex is also reported at 1.50-A resolution, and prospects for the design of CA XII-specific inhibitors of possible chemotherapeutic value are discussed.
Crystal structure of the dimeric extracellular domain of human carbonic anhydrase XII, a bitopic membrane protein overexpressed in certain cancer tumor cells.,Whittington DA, Waheed A, Ulmasov B, Shah GN, Grubb JH, Sly WS, Christianson DW Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Aug 14;98(17):9545-50. Epub 2001 Aug 7. PMID:11493685[2]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Feldshtein M, Elkrinawi S, Yerushalmi B, Marcus B, Vullo D, Romi H, Ofir R, Landau D, Sivan S, Supuran CT, Birk OS. Hyperchlorhidrosis caused by homozygous mutation in CA12, encoding carbonic anhydrase XII. Am J Hum Genet. 2010 Nov 12;87(5):713-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.10.008. Epub, 2010 Oct 28. PMID:21035102 doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.10.008
- ↑ Whittington DA, Waheed A, Ulmasov B, Shah GN, Grubb JH, Sly WS, Christianson DW. Crystal structure of the dimeric extracellular domain of human carbonic anhydrase XII, a bitopic membrane protein overexpressed in certain cancer tumor cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2001 Aug 14;98(17):9545-50. Epub 2001 Aug 7. PMID:11493685 doi:10.1073/pnas.161301298
