Structural highlights
Function
[PA2B8_DABRR] Snake venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) that shows weak neurotoxicity and medium anticoagulant effects by binding to factor Xa (F10) and inhibiting the prothrombinase activity (IC(50) is 130 nM) (PubMed:18062812). It also damages vital organs such as lung, liver and kidney, displays edema-inducing activities when injected into the foot pads of mice and induces necrosis of muscle cells when injected into the thigh muscle. Has a low enzymatic activity. PLA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides.[1] [2] [3]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes from snake venoms are approximately 14 kDa secretory proteins and catalyze the release of arachidonic acid which is the precursor of proinflammatory mediators such as prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes and platelet-activating factors. The structure of the PLA2 enzyme purified from the venom of Daboia russelli pulchella was determined using molecular replacement method and refined to an R value of 18.3% for all the reflections to 1.8 A resolution. The structure contains two crystallographically independent molecules A and B which form an asymmetric homodimer. The Ca2+ ion was not detected in the present structure, however, a characteristic non-protein high quality electron density was observed at the substrate-binding site of molecule A which allowed a clear interpretation of a natural ligand identified as a derivative of indole, 2-carbamoylmethyl-5-propyl-octahydro-indol-7-yl)-acetic acid. The corresponding substrate-binding site in molecule B was empty. The ligand present in molecule A is involved in extensive interactions with the protein atoms including important catalytic residues such as Asp-49 and His-48. The results also show that the indole derivatives act as potent inhibitors of secretory group II PLA2 enzymes that can be further modified to be used as potential therapeutic agents.
Crystal structure of the complex of the secretory phospholipase A2 from Daboia russelli pulchella with an endogenic indole derivative, 2-carbamoylmethyl-5-propyl-octahydro-indol-7-yl-acetic acid at 1.8 A resolution.,Balasubramanya R, Chandra V, Kaur P, Singh TP Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 Sep 25;1752(2):177-85. PMID:16122995[4]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Faure G, Gowda VT, Maroun RC. Characterization of a human coagulation factor Xa-binding site on Viperidae snake venom phospholipases A2 by affinity binding studies and molecular bioinformatics. BMC Struct Biol. 2007 Dec 6;7:82. PMID:18062812 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6807-7-82
- ↑ Kasturi S, Rudrammaji LM, Gowda TV. Antibodies to a phospholipase A2 from Vipera russelli selectively neutralize venom neurotoxicity. Immunology. 1990 Jun;70(2):175-80. PMID:2115497
- ↑ Tsai IH, Lu PJ, Su JC. Two types of Russell's viper revealed by variation in phospholipases A2 from venom of the subspecies. Toxicon. 1996 Jan;34(1):99-109. PMID:8835338
- ↑ Balasubramanya R, Chandra V, Kaur P, Singh TP. Crystal structure of the complex of the secretory phospholipase A2 from Daboia russelli pulchella with an endogenic indole derivative, 2-carbamoylmethyl-5-propyl-octahydro-indol-7-yl-acetic acid at 1.8 A resolution. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2005 Sep 25;1752(2):177-85. PMID:16122995 doi:10.1016/j.bbapap.2005.07.020
