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Overview
RNA polymerase is an enzyme that binds to double stranded DNA and synthesizes RNA. Since the enzyme moves along the DNA strand to synthesise it is considered a molecular machine. RNA polymerase is similar to the DNA polymerase because it reads the DNA strand from the 3’ end to the 5’ end. It synthesizes the RNA from the 5’ end to the 3’ end. It only reads the template strand to synthesize the complementary strand. Unlike the DNA polymerase it does not need a primer to begin, it can initiate synthesis itself (Pratt). This enzyme is found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. There are several different types of RNA polymerases. In Prokaryotes there is only one RNA polymerase that synthesises all of the RNA. In eukaryotes there are three polymerases (RNA polymerase I,II, and III) that synthesize different types of RNA. Prokaryote and eukaryote polymerases have similar structures. Within the eukaryotic polymerases, the enzymes are structural similar but have different subunits attached to the polymerase. The whole process of making RNA from DNA is called transcription. Transcription has four stages: assembly, initiation, elongation and termination, that RNA polymerase enzyme aids in each step. The polymerase that is found to be a key polymerase is polymerase II. The exact mechanism for the different polymerases is still being studied. Since bacteria only have one polymerase that produces the RNA, it is often studied to try to understand how this process works.The process of transcription is also regulated. It is controlled through specialty factors, repressors, and activators. If the transcription factors are not regulated oncogenic activity can occur. Overall, RNA polymerase is still being studied and research is still being conducted to uncover all of the ins and outs of RNA polymerase’s role in transcription.
Structure and Function
Mechanism
Function
Regulation
Cancer
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