| Structural highlights
Disease
[MUC1_HUMAN] Note=MUC1/CA 15-3 is used as a serological clinical marker of breast cancer to monitor response to breast cancer treatment and disease recurrence (PubMed:20816948). Decreased levels over time may be indicative of a positive response to treatment. Conversely, increased levels may indicate disease progression. At an early stage disease, only 21% of patients exhibit high MUC1/CA 15-3 levels, that is why CA 15-3 is not a useful screening test. Most antibodies target the highly immunodominant core peptide domain of 20 amino acid (APDTRPAPGSTAPPAHGVTS) tandem repeats. Some antibodies recognize glycosylated epitopes.
Function
[MUC1_HUMAN] The alpha subunit has cell adhesive properties. Can act both as an adhesion and an anti-adhesion protein. May provide a protective layer on epithelial cells against bacterial and enzyme attack.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] The beta subunit contains a C-terminal domain which is involved in cell signaling, through phosphorylations and protein-protein interactions. Modulates signaling in ERK, SRC and NF-kappa-B pathways. In activated T-cells, influences directly or indirectly the Ras/MAPK pathway. Promotes tumor progression. Regulates TP53-mediated transcription and determines cell fate in the genotoxic stress response. Binds, together with KLF4, the PE21 promoter element of TP53 and represses TP53 activity.[10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
The single cell layer of the lungs and the gastrointestinal tract is protected by the mucus formed by large glycoproteins called mucins. Transmembrane mucins typically contain 110-residue SEA domains located next to the membrane. These domains undergo post-translational cleavage between glycine and serine in a characteristic GSVVV sequence, but the two peptides remain tightly associated. We show that the SEA domain of the human MUC1 transmembrane mucin undergoes a novel type of autoproteolysis, which is catalyzed by conformational stress and the conserved serine hydroxyl. We propose that self-cleaving SEA domains have evolved to dissociate as a result of mechanical rather than chemical stress at the apical cell membrane and that this protects epithelial cells from rupture. We further suggest that the cell can register mechanical shear at the mucosal surface if the dissociation is signaled via loss of a SEA-binding protein.
Autoproteolysis coupled to protein folding in the SEA domain of the membrane-bound MUC1 mucin.,Macao B, Johansson DG, Hansson GC, Hard T Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2006 Jan;13(1):71-6. Epub 2005 Dec 20. PMID:16369486[19]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Yamamoto M, Bharti A, Li Y, Kufe D. Interaction of the DF3/MUC1 breast carcinoma-associated antigen and beta-catenin in cell adhesion. J Biol Chem. 1997 May 9;272(19):12492-4. PMID:9139698
- ↑ Ren J, Li Y, Kufe D. Protein kinase C delta regulates function of the DF3/MUC1 carcinoma antigen in beta-catenin signaling. J Biol Chem. 2002 May 17;277(20):17616-22. Epub 2002 Mar 4. PMID:11877440 doi:10.1074/jbc.M200436200
- ↑ Huang L, Ren J, Chen D, Li Y, Kharbanda S, Kufe D. MUC1 cytoplasmic domain coactivates Wnt target gene transcription and confers transformation. Cancer Biol Ther. 2003 Nov-Dec;2(6):702-6. PMID:14688481
- ↑ Wei X, Xu H, Kufe D. Human MUC1 oncoprotein regulates p53-responsive gene transcription in the genotoxic stress response. Cancer Cell. 2005 Feb;7(2):167-78. PMID:15710329 doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2005.01.008
- ↑ Huang L, Chen D, Liu D, Yin L, Kharbanda S, Kufe D. MUC1 oncoprotein blocks glycogen synthase kinase 3beta-mediated phosphorylation and degradation of beta-catenin. Cancer Res. 2005 Nov 15;65(22):10413-22. PMID:16288032 doi:65/22/10413
- ↑ Mukherjee P, Tinder TL, Basu GD, Gendler SJ. MUC1 (CD227) interacts with lck tyrosine kinase in Jurkat lymphoma cells and normal T cells. J Leukoc Biol. 2005 Jan;77(1):90-9. Epub 2004 Oct 28. PMID:15513966 doi:jlb.0604333
- ↑ Lillehoj EP, Lu W, Kiser T, Goldblum SE, Kim KC. MUC1 inhibits cell proliferation by a beta-catenin-dependent mechanism. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Jul;1773(7):1028-38. Epub 2007 Apr 22. PMID:17524503 doi:S0167-4889(07)00092-4
- ↑ Wei X, Xu H, Kufe D. Human mucin 1 oncoprotein represses transcription of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Cancer Res. 2007 Feb 15;67(4):1853-8. PMID:17308127 doi:67/4/1853
- ↑ Pochampalli MR, el Bejjani RM, Schroeder JA. MUC1 is a novel regulator of ErbB1 receptor trafficking. Oncogene. 2007 Mar 15;26(12):1693-701. Epub 2006 Sep 18. PMID:16983337 doi:1209976
- ↑ Yamamoto M, Bharti A, Li Y, Kufe D. Interaction of the DF3/MUC1 breast carcinoma-associated antigen and beta-catenin in cell adhesion. J Biol Chem. 1997 May 9;272(19):12492-4. PMID:9139698
- ↑ Ren J, Li Y, Kufe D. Protein kinase C delta regulates function of the DF3/MUC1 carcinoma antigen in beta-catenin signaling. J Biol Chem. 2002 May 17;277(20):17616-22. Epub 2002 Mar 4. PMID:11877440 doi:10.1074/jbc.M200436200
- ↑ Huang L, Ren J, Chen D, Li Y, Kharbanda S, Kufe D. MUC1 cytoplasmic domain coactivates Wnt target gene transcription and confers transformation. Cancer Biol Ther. 2003 Nov-Dec;2(6):702-6. PMID:14688481
- ↑ Wei X, Xu H, Kufe D. Human MUC1 oncoprotein regulates p53-responsive gene transcription in the genotoxic stress response. Cancer Cell. 2005 Feb;7(2):167-78. PMID:15710329 doi:10.1016/j.ccr.2005.01.008
- ↑ Huang L, Chen D, Liu D, Yin L, Kharbanda S, Kufe D. MUC1 oncoprotein blocks glycogen synthase kinase 3beta-mediated phosphorylation and degradation of beta-catenin. Cancer Res. 2005 Nov 15;65(22):10413-22. PMID:16288032 doi:65/22/10413
- ↑ Mukherjee P, Tinder TL, Basu GD, Gendler SJ. MUC1 (CD227) interacts with lck tyrosine kinase in Jurkat lymphoma cells and normal T cells. J Leukoc Biol. 2005 Jan;77(1):90-9. Epub 2004 Oct 28. PMID:15513966 doi:jlb.0604333
- ↑ Lillehoj EP, Lu W, Kiser T, Goldblum SE, Kim KC. MUC1 inhibits cell proliferation by a beta-catenin-dependent mechanism. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2007 Jul;1773(7):1028-38. Epub 2007 Apr 22. PMID:17524503 doi:S0167-4889(07)00092-4
- ↑ Wei X, Xu H, Kufe D. Human mucin 1 oncoprotein represses transcription of the p53 tumor suppressor gene. Cancer Res. 2007 Feb 15;67(4):1853-8. PMID:17308127 doi:67/4/1853
- ↑ Pochampalli MR, el Bejjani RM, Schroeder JA. MUC1 is a novel regulator of ErbB1 receptor trafficking. Oncogene. 2007 Mar 15;26(12):1693-701. Epub 2006 Sep 18. PMID:16983337 doi:1209976
- ↑ Macao B, Johansson DG, Hansson GC, Hard T. Autoproteolysis coupled to protein folding in the SEA domain of the membrane-bound MUC1 mucin. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2006 Jan;13(1):71-6. Epub 2005 Dec 20. PMID:16369486 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb1035
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