Structural highlights
Function
[Q2N0S6_9HIV1] The envelope glyprotein gp160 precursor down-modulates cell surface CD4 antigen by interacting with it in the endoplasmic reticulum and blocking its transport to the cell surface (By similarity).[RuleBase:RU004292][SAAS:SAAS000328_004_020447] The gp120-gp41 heterodimer allows rapid transcytosis of the virus through CD4 negative cells such as simple epithelial monolayers of the intestinal, rectal and endocervical epithelial barriers. Both gp120 and gp41 specifically recognize glycosphingolipids galactosyl-ceramide (GalCer) or 3' sulfo-galactosyl-ceramide (GalS) present in the lipid rafts structures of epithelial cells. Binding to these alternative receptors allows the rapid transcytosis of the virus through the epithelial cells. This transcytotic vesicle-mediated transport of virions from the apical side to the basolateral side of the epithelial cells does not involve infection of the cells themselves (By similarity).[SAAS:SAAS000328_004_240990]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Furin cleavage of the HIV envelope glycoprotein is an essential step for cell entry that enables formation of well-folded, native-like glycosylated trimers, releases constraints on the fusion peptide, and limits enzymatic processing of the N-glycan shield. Here, we show that a cleavage-independent, stabilized, soluble Env trimer mimic (BG505 NFL.664) exhibits a "closed-form", native-like, prefusion conformation akin to furin-cleaved Env trimers. The crystal structure of BG505 NFL.664 at 3.39 A resolution with two potent bNAbs also identifies the full epitopes of PGV19 and PGT122 that target the receptor binding site and N332 supersite, respectively. Quantitative site-specific analysis of the glycan shield reveals that native-like glycan processing is maintained despite furin-independent maturation in the secretory pathway. Thus, cleavage-independent NFL Env trimers exhibit quaternary protein and carbohydrate structures similar to the native viral spike that further validate their potential as vaccine immunogen candidates.
Structure of a cleavage-independent HIV Env recapitulates the glycoprotein architecture of the native cleaved trimer.,Sarkar A, Bale S, Behrens AJ, Kumar S, Sharma SK, de Val N, Pallesen J, Irimia A, Diwanji DC, Stanfield RL, Ward AB, Crispin M, Wyatt RT, Wilson IA Nat Commun. 2018 May 16;9(1):1956. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04272-y. PMID:29769533[1]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Sarkar A, Bale S, Behrens AJ, Kumar S, Sharma SK, de Val N, Pallesen J, Irimia A, Diwanji DC, Stanfield RL, Ward AB, Crispin M, Wyatt RT, Wilson IA. Structure of a cleavage-independent HIV Env recapitulates the glycoprotein architecture of the native cleaved trimer. Nat Commun. 2018 May 16;9(1):1956. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-04272-y. PMID:29769533 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-04272-y
