5yir

Structural highlights

Disease

[ANK2_HUMAN] Romano-Ward syndrome. Long QT syndrome 4 (LQT4) [MIM:600919]: A heart disorder characterized by a prolonged QT interval on the ECG and polymorphic ventricular arrhythmias. They cause syncope and sudden death in response to exercise or emotional stress, and can present with a sentinel event of sudden cardiac death in infancy. Long QT syndrome type 4 shows many atypical features compared to classical long QT syndromes, including pronounced sinus bradycardia, polyphasic T waves and atrial fibrillation. Cardiac repolarization defects may be not as severe as in classical LQT syndromes and prolonged QT interval on EKG is not a consistent feature. Note=The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.^{[1] [2]}

Function

[GBRAP_MOUSE] Ubiquitin-like modifier that plays a role in intracellular transport of GABA(A) receptors and its interaction with the cytoskeleton. Involved in apoptosis. Involved in autophagy. Whereas LC3s are involved in elongation of the phagophore membrane, the GABARAP/GATE-16 subfamily is essential for a later stage in autophagosome maturation (By similarity). [ANK2_HUMAN] In skeletal muscle, required for proper localization of DMD and DCTN4 and for the formation and/or stability of a special subset of microtubules associated with costameres and neuromuscular junctions (By similarity). Attaches integral membrane proteins to cytoskeletal elements. Also binds to cytoskeletal proteins. Required for coordinate assembly of Na/Ca exchanger, Na/K ATPase and InsP3 receptor at sarcoplasmic reticulum sites in cardiomyocytes. Required for the coordinated expression of the Na/K ATPase, Na/Ca exchanger and beta-2-spectrin (SPTBN1) in the inner segment of rod photoreceptors. Required for expression and targeting of SPTBN1 in neonatal cardiomyocytes and for the regulation of neonatal cardiomyocyte contraction rate.^[3]

References

1. ↑ Mohler PJ, Schott JJ, Gramolini AO, Dilly KW, Guatimosim S, duBell WH, Song LS, Haurogne K, Kyndt F, Ali ME, Rogers TB, Lederer WJ, Escande D, Le Marec H, Bennett V. Ankyrin-B mutation causes type 4 long-QT cardiac arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Nature. 2003 Feb 6;421(6923):634-9. PMID:12571597 doi:10.1038/nature01335
2. ↑ Mohler PJ, Splawski I, Napolitano C, Bottelli G, Sharpe L, Timothy K, Priori SG, Keating MT, Bennett V. A cardiac arrhythmia syndrome caused by loss of ankyrin-B function. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Jun 15;101(24):9137-42. Epub 2004 Jun 3. PMID:15178757 doi:10.1073/pnas.0402546101
3. ↑ Mohler PJ, Schott JJ, Gramolini AO, Dilly KW, Guatimosim S, duBell WH, Song LS, Haurogne K, Kyndt F, Ali ME, Rogers TB, Lederer WJ, Escande D, Le Marec H, Bennett V. Ankyrin-B mutation causes type 4 long-QT cardiac arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Nature. 2003 Feb 6;421(6923):634-9. PMID:12571597 doi:10.1038/nature01335
4. ↑ Li J, Zhu R, Chen K, Zheng H, Zhao H, Yuan C, Zhang H, Wang C, Zhang M. Potent and specific Atg8-targeting autophagy inhibitory peptides from giant ankyrins. Nat Chem Biol. 2018 Jun 4. pii: 10.1038/s41589-018-0082-8. doi:, 10.1038/s41589-018-0082-8. PMID:29867141 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41589-018-0082-8