6ahy

Structural highlights

Disease

[WNT3_HUMAN] Tetraamelia-multiple malformations syndrome. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry.

Function

[FZD8_MOUSE] Receptor for Wnt proteins. Component of the Wnt-Fzd-LRP5-LRP6 complex that triggers beta-catenin signaling through inducing aggregation of receptor-ligand complexes into ribosome-sized signalsomes (By similarity). The beta-catenin canonical signaling pathway leads to the activation of disheveled proteins, inhibition of GSK-3 kinase, nuclear accumulation of beta-catenin and activation of Wnt target genes. A second signaling pathway involving PKC and calcium fluxes has been seen for some family members, but it is not yet clear if it represents a distinct pathway or if it can be integrated in the canonical pathway, as PKC seems to be required for Wnt-mediated inactivation of GSK-3 kinase. Both pathways seem to involve interactions with G-proteins. May be involved in transduction and intercellular transmission of polarity information during tissue morphogenesis and/or in differentiated tissues. Coreceptor along with RYK of Wnt proteins, such as WNT1.^{[1] [2] [3] [4]} [WNT3_HUMAN] Ligand for members of the frizzled family of seven transmembrane receptors (Probable). Functions in the canonical Wnt signaling pathway that results in activation of transcription factors of the TCF/LEF family (PubMed:26902720). Required for normal gastrulation, formation of the primitive streak, and for the formation of the mesoderm during early embryogenesis. Required for normal formation of the apical ectodermal ridge (By similarity). Required for normal embryonic development, and especially for limb development (PubMed:14872406).[UniProtKB:P17553]^{[5] [6]}

References

1. ↑ Sheldahl LC, Park M, Malbon CC, Moon RT. Protein kinase C is differentially stimulated by Wnt and Frizzled homologs in a G-protein-dependent manner. Curr Biol. 1999 Jul 1;9(13):695-8. PMID:10395542
2. ↑ Hsieh JC, Rattner A, Smallwood PM, Nathans J. Biochemical characterization of Wnt-frizzled interactions using a soluble, biologically active vertebrate Wnt protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1999 Mar 30;96(7):3546-51. PMID:10097073
3. ↑ Lu W, Yamamoto V, Ortega B, Baltimore D. Mammalian Ryk is a Wnt coreceptor required for stimulation of neurite outgrowth. Cell. 2004 Oct 1;119(1):97-108. PMID:15454084 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2004.09.019
4. ↑ Nam JS, Turcotte TJ, Smith PF, Choi S, Yoon JK. Mouse cristin/R-spondin family proteins are novel ligands for the Frizzled 8 and LRP6 receptors and activate beta-catenin-dependent gene expression. J Biol Chem. 2006 May 12;281(19):13247-57. Epub 2006 Mar 16. PMID:16543246 doi:10.1074/jbc.M508324200
5. ↑ Niemann S, Zhao C, Pascu F, Stahl U, Aulepp U, Niswander L, Weber JL, Muller U. Homozygous WNT3 mutation causes tetra-amelia in a large consanguineous family. Am J Hum Genet. 2004 Mar;74(3):558-63. Epub 2004 Feb 5. PMID:14872406 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/382196
6. ↑ Mihara E, Hirai H, Yamamoto H, Tamura-Kawakami K, Matano M, Kikuchi A, Sato T, Takagi J. Active and water-soluble form of lipidated Wnt protein is maintained by a serum glycoprotein afamin/alpha-albumin. Elife. 2016 Feb 23;5. doi: 10.7554/eLife.11621. PMID:26902720 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11621