General intro

Prion proteins are a common part of cell surface proteins in the mammalian nervous system, and they can, upon change of its conformation, become a highly infectious and pathogenic agent. The physiological form (PrPC) is encoded by the PRNP gene on chromosome 20 and when misfolded and aggregated, the pathological form (PrPSc) occurs, lacking any specific nucleic acid and its primary structure being determined by the PrPC form. When accumulated in the central nervous system (CNS) of mammals, PrPSc is known to be responsible for uprise of several untreatable progressive neurodegenerative diseases, generally called as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). These include kuru, fatal familial insomnia (FFI) and Creutzfeld-Jacob disease (CJD) in humans, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle, scrapie in sheep and goats, transmissible mink encephalopathy (TME) in mink, feline spongiform encephalopathy (FSE) in cat or chronic wasting disease (CWD) in deer and elk ^[1].