6ulg
From Proteopedia
Cryo-EM structure of the FLCN-FNIP2-Rag-Ragulator complex
Structural highlights
Disease[LTOR2_HUMAN] Primary immunodeficiency syndrome due to p14 deficiency. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. [FLCN_HUMAN] Familial spontaneous pneumothorax;Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. The gene represented in this entry may be involved in disease pathogenesis. Function[LTOR1_HUMAN] As part of the Ragulator complex it is involved in amino acid sensing and activation of mTORC1, a signaling complex promoting cell growth in response to growth factors, energy levels, and amino acids. Activated by amino acids through a mechanism involving the lysosomal V-ATPase, the Ragulator functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor activating the small GTPases Rag. Activated Ragulator and Rag GTPases function as a scaffold recruiting mTORC1 to lysosomes where it is in turn activated. LAMTOR1 is directly responsible for anchoring the Ragulator complex to membranes. Also required for late endosomes/lysosomes biogenesis it may regulate both the recycling of receptors through endosomes and the MAPK signaling pathway through recruitment of some of its components to late endosomes. May be involved in cholesterol homeostasis regulating LDL uptake and cholesterol release from late endosomes/lysosomes. May also play a role in RHOA activation.[1] [2] [3] [4] [LTOR2_HUMAN] As part of the Ragulator complex it is involved in amino acid sensing and activation of mTORC1, a signaling complex promoting cell growth in response to growth factors, energy levels, and amino acids. Activated by amino acids through a mechanism involving the lysosomal V-ATPase, the Ragulator functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor activating the small GTPases Rag. Activated Ragulator and Rag GTPases function as a scaffold recruiting mTORC1 to lysosomes where it is in turn activated. Adapter protein that enhances the efficiency of the MAP kinase cascade facilitating the activation of MAPK2.[5] [6] [RRAGA_HUMAN] Guanine nucleotide-binding protein that plays a crucial role in the cellular response to amino acid availability through regulation of the mTORC1 signaling cascade. Forms heterodimeric Rag complexes with RRAGC or RRAGD and cycles between an inactive GDP-bound and an active GTP-bound form. In its active form participates in the relocalization of mTORC1 to the lysosomes and its subsequent activation by the GTPase RHEB. Involved in the RCC1/Ran-GTPase pathway. May play a direct role in a TNF-alpha signaling pathway leading to induction of cell death. May alternatively act as a cellular target for adenovirus E3-14.7K, an inhibitor of TNF-alpha functions, thereby affecting cell death.[7] [8] [9] [10] [FNIP2_HUMAN] Acts as a co-chaperone of HSP90AA1. Inhibits the ATPase activity of HSP90AA1 leading to reduction in its chaperone activity. Facilitates the binding of client protein FLCN to HSP90AA1 (PubMed:27353360). May play a role in the signal transduction pathway of apoptosis induced by O6-methylguanine-mispaired lesions (By similarity). May be involved in energy and/or nutrient sensing through the AMPK and mTOR signaling pathways (PubMed:18403135). May regulate phosphorylation of RPS6KB1 (PubMed:18663353).[UniProtKB:Q80TD3][11] [12] [13] [LTOR3_HUMAN] As part of the Ragulator complex it is involved in amino acid sensing and activation of mTORC1, a signaling complex promoting cell growth in response to growth factors, energy levels, and amino acids. Activated by amino acids through a mechanism involving the lysosomal V-ATPase, the Ragulator functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor activating the small GTPases Rag. Activated Ragulator and Rag GTPases function as a scaffold recruiting mTORC1 to lysosomes where it is in turn activated. Adapter protein that enhances the efficiency of the MAP kinase cascade facilitating the activation of MAPK2.[14] [15] [RRAGC_HUMAN] Guanine nucleotide-binding protein forming heterodimeric Rag complexes required for the amino acid-induced relocalization of mTORC1 to the lysosomes and its subsequent activation by the GTPase RHEB. This is a crucial step in the activation of the TOR signaling cascade by amino acids.[16] [FLCN_HUMAN] May play a role in the pathogenesis of an uncommon form of kidney cancer through its association with an inherited disorder of the hair follicle (fibrofolliculomas). May be a tumor suppressor. May be involved in colorectal tumorigenesis. May be involved in energy and/or nutrient sensing through the AMPK and mTOR signaling pathways. May regulate phosphorylation of RPS6KB1.[17] [18] [19] [LTOR5_HUMAN] As part of the Ragulator complex it is involved in amino acid sensing and activation of mTORC1, a signaling complex promoting cell growth in response to growth factors, energy levels, and amino acids. Activated by amino acids through a mechanism involving the lysosomal V-ATPase, the Ragulator functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor activating the small GTPases Rag. Activated Ragulator and Rag GTPases function as a scaffold recruiting mTORC1 to lysosomes where it is in turn activated. When complexed to BIRC5, interferes with apoptosome assembly, preventing recruitment of pro-caspase-9 to oligomerized APAF1, thereby selectively suppressing apoptosis initiated via the mitochondrial/cytochrome c pathway. Down-regulates hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication.[20] [21] [LTOR4_HUMAN] As part of the Ragulator complex it is involved in amino acid sensing and activation of mTORC1, a signaling complex promoting cell growth in response to growth factors, energy levels, and amino acids. Activated by amino acids through a mechanism involving the lysosomal V-ATPase, the Ragulator functions as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor activating the small GTPases Rag. Activated Ragulator and Rag GTPases function as a scaffold recruiting mTORC1 to lysosomes where it is in turn activated.[22] Publication Abstract from PubMedmTORC1 controls anabolic and catabolic processes in response to nutrients through the Rag GTPase heterodimer, which is regulated by multiple upstream protein complexes. One such regulator, FLCN-FNIP2, is a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for RagC/D, but despite its important role, how it activates the Rag GTPase heterodimer remains unknown. We used cryo-EM to determine the structure of FLCN-FNIP2 in a complex with the Rag GTPases and Ragulator. FLCN-FNIP2 adopts an extended conformation with two pairs of heterodimerized domains. The Longin domains heterodimerize and contact both nucleotide binding domains of the Rag heterodimer, while the DENN domains interact at the distal end of the structure. Biochemical analyses reveal a conserved arginine on FLCN as the catalytic arginine finger and lead us to interpret our structure as an on-pathway intermediate. These data reveal features of a GAP-GTPase interaction and the structure of a critical component of the nutrient-sensing mTORC1 pathway. Cryo-EM Structure of the Human FLCN-FNIP2-Rag-Ragulator Complex.,Shen K, Rogala KB, Chou HT, Huang RK, Yu Z, Sabatini DM Cell. 2019 Nov 5. pii: S0092-8674(19)31213-9. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.10.036. PMID:31704029[23] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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Categories: Human | Large Structures | Rogala, K B | Sabatini, D M | Shen, K | Yu, Z H | Flcn-fnip2 | Rag gtpase | Ragulator | Signaling protein
