| Structural highlights
Function
[FUS_HRSVA] Class I viral fusion protein. Under the current model, the protein has at least 3 conformational states: pre-fusion native state, pre-hairpin intermediate state, and post-fusion hairpin state. During viral and plasma cell membrane fusion, the heptad repeat (HR) regions assume a trimer-of-hairpins structure, positioning the fusion peptide in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the ectodomain. The formation of this structure appears to drive apposition and subsequent fusion of viral and plasma cell membranes. Directs fusion of viral and cellular membranes leading to delivery of the nucleocapsid into the cytoplasm. This fusion is pH independent and occurs directly at the outer cell membrane. The trimer of F1-F2 (protein F) interacts with glycoprotein G at the virion surface. Upon binding of G to heparan sulfate, the hydrophobic fusion peptide is unmasked and interacts with the cellular membrane, inducing the fusion between host cell and virion membranes. Notably, RSV fusion protein is able to interact directly with heparan sulfate and therefore actively participates in virus attachment. Furthermore, the F2 subunit was identifed as the major determinant of RSV host cell specificity. Later in infection, proteins F expressed at the plasma membrane of infected cells mediate fusion with adjacent cells to form syncytia, a cytopathic effect that could lead to tissue necrosis. The fusion protein is also able to trigger p53-dependent apoptosis.[1] [2]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection is the leading cause of hospitalization and infant mortality under six months of age worldwide; therefore, the prevention of RSV infection in all infants represents a significant unmet medical need. Here we report the isolation of a potent and broadly neutralizing RSV monoclonal antibody derived from a human memory B-cell. This antibody, RB1, is equipotent on RSV A and B subtypes, potently neutralizes a diverse panel of clinical isolates in vitro and demonstrates in vivo protection. It binds to a highly conserved epitope in antigenic site IV of the RSV fusion glycoprotein. RB1 is the parental antibody to MK-1654 which is currently in clinical development for the prevention of RSV infection in infants.
A potent broadly neutralizing human RSV antibody targets conserved site IV of the fusion glycoprotein.,Tang A, Chen Z, Cox KS, Su HP, Callahan C, Fridman A, Zhang L, Patel SB, Cejas PJ, Swoyer R, Touch S, Citron MP, Govindarajan D, Luo B, Eddins M, Reid JC, Soisson SM, Galli J, Wang D, Wen Z, Heidecker GJ, Casimiro DR, DiStefano DJ, Vora KA Nat Commun. 2019 Sep 12;10(1):4153. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12137-1. PMID:31515478[3]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Schlender J, Zimmer G, Herrler G, Conzelmann KK. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion protein subunit F2, not attachment protein G, determines the specificity of RSV infection. J Virol. 2003 Apr;77(8):4609-16. PMID:12663767
- ↑ Eckardt-Michel J, Lorek M, Baxmann D, Grunwald T, Keil GM, Zimmer G. The fusion protein of respiratory syncytial virus triggers p53-dependent apoptosis. J Virol. 2008 Apr;82(7):3236-49. Epub 2008 Jan 23. PMID:18216092 doi:JVI.01887-07
- ↑ Tang A, Chen Z, Cox KS, Su HP, Callahan C, Fridman A, Zhang L, Patel SB, Cejas PJ, Swoyer R, Touch S, Citron MP, Govindarajan D, Luo B, Eddins M, Reid JC, Soisson SM, Galli J, Wang D, Wen Z, Heidecker GJ, Casimiro DR, DiStefano DJ, Vora KA. A potent broadly neutralizing human RSV antibody targets conserved site IV of the fusion glycoprotein. Nat Commun. 2019 Sep 12;10(1):4153. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-12137-1. PMID:31515478 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-12137-1
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