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Function
Disease/Research
Myostatin [3] is a protein that has a control over muscle development: it is a negative regulator of squeletics muscles. It has a very important role during the development of the animals but also during its whole life. It is a very important protein that is very conserved from zebra fish to humans [4] and so it has to be very well regulated. Indeed, there are many ways that regulates the action of this protein and at many scales.
It is a grown factor[4] that is implicated into muscle development in mammals. Myostatin can transmit a message to the nucleus that will promote a gene that lead to the production of ubiquitin. Ubiquitin is a signal of degradation so muscle cells will be destroyed. Indeed, it reduce the mass of the muscle but it also reduces the quantity of Myosin [5] which is very important for the cohesion of muscles and for movement. Indeed Myosin forms filament, and when Myosin filaments associate with Actin and consume ATP it produces muscle movement.
Related disease
If the quantity of myosin is not well regulated in the human body, it could trigger many muscle related illnesses[6], especially when there is too much myostatin, as heart disease, liver disease..
We can focus on the example of COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) which is a lunch disease. People suffering from this disease have difficulties to breathe because of an obstruction of airflow [6] . Their muscles are not strong enough to help them to respire the right way and it is called pulmonary cachexia. This disease is also characterized by many muscle complications into the whole body, including a global reduction of muscle mass. It has been proven that a high rate of myostatin quantity in human body can promote this disease.
Myostatin has also a role in many metabolisms as in blood glucose[6]: indeed, the more myostatin you have, the more resistant to insulin you are. This could be link with Type 2 diabetes and so obesity because it is an inducer of[1] Phosphotyrosine Interaction Domain containing 1 (PID1) protein in human muscle cells. Indeed, this protein is known for its role into insulin resistance development.
Relevance
Structure Structural highlights
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