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Function
Disease
A large number of researches shows that LRRTM2 is related to bipolar disorder.
A deletion (240 kb) at 5q31 chromosomal region containing LRRTM2 and CTNNA1 has been shown to be related to intellectual disability and developmental delay
Relevance
Neurexins
Neurexins (Nrxns) is a presynaptic organizer family which interact with several postsynaptic organizers.
There are three Neurexin genes in vertebrates, each corresponds to a different promoter. Neurexins are characterized by their laminin-neurexin-sex hormone (LNS) domains. ︎ α-neurexins have six whereas ︎β-neurexins have a single LNS domain. The α-helical conformation causes severe steric hindrance with the bound LRRTM2, whereas the β-stranded conformation causes no obvious steric hindrance.
LRRTMs Family
Although four members of the human LRRTM family are highly similar in their LRR domains with >55% sequence identity. LRRTM1 and LRRTM2 have been extensively studied in the context of the interaction with Nrxn, whereas LRRTM3 and LRRTM4 have not. This is due to that critical residues for binding to have been replaced Nrxn1β in LRRTM3 and LRRTM4, such as Glu348, Asp352, and Phe357 of LRRTM2.
For LRRTM3, the replacement of Glu348 by Val in LRRTM3 is likely to cause the abolishment of the coordination with Ca2+ in Nrxn1β. It is possible that other specific residue(s) of LRRTM3/4 may block the coordination.
Ligands
The structure of the complex Nrxn1β–LRRTM2 is being determined by co-crystallisation. A mutation from His 355 to Ala 355 without affecting the complex structure is necessary to maintain the stability of the crystal.
Other synaptic organisers
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Neuroligins (NLs)
LRRTM2 bind to Neurexins 1, 2 and 3 ︎and ︎a variant region at splice site 4 in the LNS. As the variant region lacking a 30 amino acid insert (-S4), LRRTM2 cannot induce presynaptic differentiation in neurons. On the contrary, Neuroligin1 binds to Neurexins 1, 2, and 3 ︎ but not ︎to variants, has a higher affinity with Neurexin 1 (-S4) than with Neurexin 1 (+S4)
Cbln1–GluD2
Structural highlights
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