6cnm is a 8 chain structure with sequence from Human. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
[KCNN4_HUMAN] The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. [CALM1_HUMAN] The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Mutations in CALM1 are the cause of CPVT4. The disease is caused by mutations affecting the gene represented in this entry. Mutations in CALM1 are the cause of LQT14.
Function
[KCNN4_HUMAN] Forms a voltage-independent potassium channel that is activated by intracellular calcium (PubMed:26148990). Activation is followed by membrane hyperpolarization which promotes calcium influx. Required for maximal calcium influx and proliferation during the reactivation of naive T-cells. The channel is blocked by clotrimazole and charybdotoxin but is insensitive to apamin (PubMed:17157250, PubMed:18796614).[1][2][3] [CALM1_HUMAN] Calmodulin mediates the control of a large number of enzymes, ion channels, aquaporins and other proteins through calcium-binding. Among the enzymes to be stimulated by the calmodulin-calcium complex are a number of protein kinases and phosphatases. Together with CCP110 and centrin, is involved in a genetic pathway that regulates the centrosome cycle and progression through cytokinesis (PubMed:16760425). Mediates calcium-dependent inactivation of CACNA1C (PubMed:26969752). Positively regulates calcium-activated potassium channel activity of KCNN2 (PubMed:27165696).[4][5][6][7]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Small-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (SK) channels mediate neuron excitability and are associated with synaptic transmission and plasticity. They also regulate immune responses and the size of blood cells. Activation of SK channels requires calmodulin (CaM), but how CaM binds and opens SK channels has been unclear. Here we report cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of a human SK4-CaM channel complex in closed and activated states at 3.4- and 3.5-angstrom resolution, respectively. Four CaM molecules bind to one channel tetramer. Each lobe of CaM serves a distinct function: The C-lobe binds to the channel constitutively, whereas the N-lobe interacts with the S4-S5 linker in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. The S4-S5 linker, which contains two distinct helices, undergoes conformational changes upon CaM binding to open the channel pore. These structures reveal the gating mechanism of SK channels and provide a basis for understanding SK channel pharmacology.
Activation mechanism of a human SK-calmodulin channel complex elucidated by cryo-EM structures.,Lee CH, MacKinnon R Science. 2018 May 4;360(6388):508-513. doi: 10.1126/science.aas9466. PMID:29724949[8]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
↑ Srivastava S, Li Z, Ko K, Choudhury P, Albaqumi M, Johnson AK, Yan Y, Backer JM, Unutmaz D, Coetzee WA, Skolnik EY. Histidine phosphorylation of the potassium channel KCa3.1 by nucleoside diphosphate kinase B is required for activation of KCa3.1 and CD4 T cells. Mol Cell. 2006 Dec 8;24(5):665-675. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2006.11.012. PMID:17157250 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.molcel.2006.11.012
↑ Srivastava S, Zhdanova O, Di L, Li Z, Albaqumi M, Wulff H, Skolnik EY. Protein histidine phosphatase 1 negatively regulates CD4 T cells by inhibiting the K+ channel KCa3.1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008 Sep 23;105(38):14442-6. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.0803678105. Epub 2008 Sep 16. PMID:18796614 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0803678105
↑ Rapetti-Mauss R, Lacoste C, Picard V, Guitton C, Lombard E, Loosveld M, Nivaggioni V, Dasilva N, Salgado D, Desvignes JP, Beroud C, Viout P, Bernard M, Soriani O, Vinti H, Lacroze V, Feneant-Thibault M, Thuret I, Guizouarn H, Badens C. A mutation in the Gardos channel is associated with hereditary xerocytosis. Blood. 2015 Sep 10;126(11):1273-80. doi: 10.1182/blood-2015-04-642496. Epub 2015 , Jul 6. PMID:26148990 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2015-04-642496
↑ Tsang WY, Spektor A, Luciano DJ, Indjeian VB, Chen Z, Salisbury JL, Sanchez I, Dynlacht BD. CP110 cooperates with two calcium-binding proteins to regulate cytokinesis and genome stability. Mol Biol Cell. 2006 Aug;17(8):3423-34. Epub 2006 Jun 7. PMID:16760425 doi:10.1091/mbc.E06-04-0371
↑ Reichow SL, Clemens DM, Freites JA, Nemeth-Cahalan KL, Heyden M, Tobias DJ, Hall JE, Gonen T. Allosteric mechanism of water-channel gating by Ca-calmodulin. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2013 Jul 28. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.2630. PMID:23893133 doi:10.1038/nsmb.2630
↑ Boczek NJ, Gomez-Hurtado N, Ye D, Calvert ML, Tester DJ, Kryshtal D, Hwang HS, Johnson CN, Chazin WJ, Loporcaro CG, Shah M, Papez AL, Lau YR, Kanter R, Knollmann BC, Ackerman MJ. Spectrum and Prevalence of CALM1-, CALM2-, and CALM3-Encoded Calmodulin Variants in Long QT Syndrome and Functional Characterization of a Novel Long QT Syndrome-Associated Calmodulin Missense Variant, E141G. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2016 Apr;9(2):136-146. doi:, 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.115.001323. Epub 2016 Mar 11. PMID:26969752 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.115.001323
↑ Yu CC, Ko JS, Ai T, Tsai WC, Chen Z, Rubart M, Vatta M, Everett TH 4th, George AL Jr, Chen PS. Arrhythmogenic calmodulin mutations impede activation of small-conductance calcium-activated potassium current. Heart Rhythm. 2016 Aug;13(8):1716-23. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.05.009. Epub 2016, May 7. PMID:27165696 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hrthm.2016.05.009
↑ Lee CH, MacKinnon R. Activation mechanism of a human SK-calmodulin channel complex elucidated by cryo-EM structures. Science. 2018 May 4;360(6388):508-513. doi: 10.1126/science.aas9466. PMID:29724949 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aas9466
