| Structural highlights
Function
[PTC1_MOUSE] Acts as a receptor for sonic hedgehog (SHH), indian hedgehog (IHH) and desert hedgehog (DHH). Associates with the smoothened protein (SMO) to transduce the hedgehog's proteins signal. Seems to have a tumor suppressor function, as inactivation of this protein is probably a necessary, if not sufficient step for tumorigenesis.[1]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Hedgehog protein signals mediate tissue patterning and maintenance by binding to and inactivating their common receptor Patched, a 12-transmembrane protein that otherwise would suppress the activity of the 7-transmembrane protein Smoothened. Loss of Patched function, the most common cause of basal cell carcinoma, permits unregulated activation of Smoothened and of the Hedgehog pathway. A cryo-EM structure of the Patched protein reveals striking transmembrane domain similarities to prokaryotic RND transporters. A central hydrophobic conduit with cholesterol-like contents courses through the extracellular domain and resembles that used by other RND proteins to transport substrates, suggesting Patched activity in cholesterol transport. Cholesterol activity in the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane is reduced by PTCH1 expression but rapidly restored by Hedgehog stimulation, suggesting that PTCH1 regulates Smoothened by controlling cholesterol availability.
Structural Basis for Cholesterol Transport-like Activity of the Hedgehog Receptor Patched.,Zhang Y, Bulkley DP, Xin Y, Roberts KJ, Asarnow DE, Sharma A, Myers BR, Cho W, Cheng Y, Beachy PA Cell. 2018 Nov 15;175(5):1352-1364.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.026. Epub, 2018 Nov 8. PMID:30415841[2]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Ma G, Yu J, Xiao Y, Chan D, Gao B, Hu J, He Y, Guo S, Zhou J, Zhang L, Gao L, Zhang W, Kang Y, Cheah KS, Feng G, Guo X, Wang Y, Zhou CZ, He L. Indian hedgehog mutations causing brachydactyly type A1 impair Hedgehog signal transduction at multiple levels. Cell Res. 2011 Sep;21(9):1343-57. doi: 10.1038/cr.2011.76. Epub 2011 May 3. PMID:21537345 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cr.2011.76
- ↑ Zhang Y, Bulkley DP, Xin Y, Roberts KJ, Asarnow DE, Sharma A, Myers BR, Cho W, Cheng Y, Beachy PA. Structural Basis for Cholesterol Transport-like Activity of the Hedgehog Receptor Patched. Cell. 2018 Nov 15;175(5):1352-1364.e14. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.026. Epub, 2018 Nov 8. PMID:30415841 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2018.10.026
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