Amino acid composition

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The amino acid composition of a protein refers to the percentages of each amino acid in the sequence of that protein. The percentage, sometimes called the Mole percentage, is calculated as the number of a given amino acid divided by the total number of amino acids in the protein chain or molecule.

The strongest predictor of amino acid composition is the GC-content of the organism's genome[1]. Other, weaker influences are:

  • Growth temperatures (mesophily/thermophily/hyperthermophily). Thermophiles have more glutamic acid (with reduction in glutamine), and more lysine and arginine[1]. This likely relates to the larger number of salt bridges in proteins of thermophiles, believe to contribute to thermostability.
  • Chain length.

Proteins of thermophiles are, on average, shorter than those of mesophiles. Average lengths are 283 and 340, respectively[1].

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Tekaia F, Yeramian E, Dujon B. Amino acid composition of genomes, lifestyles of organisms, and evolutionary trends: a global picture with correspondence analysis. Gene. 2002 Sep 4;297(1-2):51-60. doi: 10.1016/s0378-1119(02)00871-5. PMID:12384285 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-1119(02)00871-5

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