Structural highlights
Function
[KDM4C_HUMAN] Histone demethylase that specifically demethylates 'Lys-9' and 'Lys-36' residues of histone H3, thereby playing a central role in histone code. Does not demethylate histone H3 'Lys-4', H3 'Lys-27' nor H4 'Lys-20'. Demethylates trimethylated H3 'Lys-9' and H3 'Lys-36' residue, while it has no activity on mono- and dimethylated residues. Demethylation of Lys residue generates formaldehyde and succinate.[1]
Evolutionary Conservation
Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
N(epsilon)-Methylations of histone lysine residues play critical roles in cell biology by "marking" chromatin for transcriptional activation or repression. Lysine demethylases reverse N(epsilon)-methylation in a sequence- and methylation-selective manner. The determinants of sequence selectivity for histone demethylases have been unclear. The human JMJD2 (KDM4) H3K9 and H3K36 demethylases can be divided into members that act on both H3K9 and H3K36 and H3K9 alone. Kinetic, crystallographic, and mutagenetic studies in vitro and in cells on KDM4A-E reveal that selectivity is determined by multiple interactions within the catalytic domain but outside the active site. Structurally informed phylogenetic analyses reveal that KDM4A-C orthologues exist in all genome-sequenced vertebrates with earlier animals containing only a single KDM4 enzyme. KDM4D orthologues only exist in eutherians (placental mammals) where they are conserved, including proposed substrate sequence-determining residues. The results will be useful for the identification of inhibitors for specific histone demethylases.
Structural and evolutionary basis for the dual substrate selectivity of human KDM4 histone demethylase family.,Hillringhaus L, Yue WW, Rose NR, Ng SS, Gileadi C, Loenarz C, Bello SH, Bray JE, Schofield CJ, Oppermann U J Biol Chem. 2011 Dec 2;286(48):41616-25. Epub 2011 Sep 13. PMID:21914792[2]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Whetstine JR, Nottke A, Lan F, Huarte M, Smolikov S, Chen Z, Spooner E, Li E, Zhang G, Colaiacovo M, Shi Y. Reversal of histone lysine trimethylation by the JMJD2 family of histone demethylases. Cell. 2006 May 5;125(3):467-81. Epub 2006 Apr 6. PMID:16603238 doi:10.1016/j.cell.2006.03.028
- ↑ Hillringhaus L, Yue WW, Rose NR, Ng SS, Gileadi C, Loenarz C, Bello SH, Bray JE, Schofield CJ, Oppermann U. Structural and evolutionary basis for the dual substrate selectivity of human KDM4 histone demethylase family. J Biol Chem. 2011 Dec 2;286(48):41616-25. Epub 2011 Sep 13. PMID:21914792 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M111.283689
