Hypoxia-Inducible Factors
From Proteopedia
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Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcription factors responsible for the induction of genes involved in the adaptation to decreases in oxygen availability, known as hypoxia.
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Structure
HIFs are heterodimeric complexes that form part of the basic helix-loop-helix-Per-ARNT-Sim (bHLH-PAS) family of proteins. All subunits are similar in structure and can contain the following domains from the N-terminus to the C-terminus:
- basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH): important for heterodimer formation and DNA binding to Hypoxia Response Elements (HRE)
- Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS): mediates protein-protein interactions, helping with heterodimerization
- Oxygen-dependent degradation domain (ODDD): mediates oxygen-regulated stability. It contains two Proline (P) residues susceptible of hydroxylation and one Lysine (L) that can be acetylated
- N-terminal and C-terminal transactivating domains (N-TAD and C-TAD): bind different coactivators to promote gene expression
HIF complexes are made of a constitutively expressed subunit HIF-β and an oxygen-regulated subunit, which can be HIF-1α or its paralogs HIF-2α and HIF-3α. the stability and activity of the α subunit is regulated by post-translational modifications such as hydroxilation, ubiquitination, acetylation and phosphorylation. HIF-1β is also known as the aryl hydrocarbon nuclear translocator (ARNT).
| Member | Gene | Protein |
|---|---|---|
| HIF-1α | ROW1/COL2 | |
| ROW2 | ROW2/COL2 | |
| ROW3 | ROW3/COL3 |
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References
- ↑ Hanson, R. M., Prilusky, J., Renjian, Z., Nakane, T. and Sussman, J. L. (2013), JSmol and the Next-Generation Web-Based Representation of 3D Molecular Structure as Applied to Proteopedia. Isr. J. Chem., 53:207-216. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijch.201300024
- ↑ Herraez A. Biomolecules in the computer: Jmol to the rescue. Biochem Mol Biol Educ. 2006 Jul;34(4):255-61. doi: 10.1002/bmb.2006.494034042644. PMID:21638687 doi:10.1002/bmb.2006.494034042644
Proteopedia Page Contributors and Editors (what is this?)
Gonzalo Garcia-Martin, Michal Harel, Carmen Paredes Yubero, Rocío Moreno
