| Structural highlights
Function
[FGFR4_HUMAN] Tyrosine-protein kinase that acts as cell-surface receptor for fibroblast growth factors and plays a role in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, and in regulation of lipid metabolism, bile acid biosynthesis, glucose uptake, vitamin D metabolism and phosphate homeostasis. Required for normal down-regulation of the expression of CYP7A1, the rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid synthesis, in response to FGF19. Phosphorylates PLCG1 and FRS2. Ligand binding leads to the activation of several signaling cascades. Activation of PLCG1 leads to the production of the cellular signaling molecules diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Phosphorylation of FRS2 triggers recruitment of GRB2, GAB1, PIK3R1 and SOS1, and mediates activation of RAS, MAPK1/ERK2, MAPK3/ERK1 and the MAP kinase signaling pathway, as well as of the AKT1 signaling pathway. Promotes SRC-dependent phosphorylation of the matrix protease MMP14 and its lysosomal degradation. FGFR4 signaling is down-regulated by receptor internalization and degradation; MMP14 promotes internalization and degradation of FGFR4. Mutations that lead to constitutive kinase activation or impair normal FGFR4 inactivation lead to aberrant signaling.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Covalent kinase inhibitors are rapidly emerging as a class of therapeutics with clinical benefits. Herein we report a series of selective 2-aminopyrimidine-based fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) inhibitors exploring different types of cysteine-targeting warheads. The structure-activity relationship study revealed that the chemically tuned warheads alpha-fluoro acrylamide, vinylsulfonamide, and acetaldehyde amine were suitable as covalent warheads for the design of selective FGFR4 inhibitors. Compounds 6a, 6h, and 6i selectively suppressed FGFR4 enzymatic activity with IC50 values of 53 +/- 18, 45 +/- 11, and 16 +/- 4 nM, respectively, while sparing FGFR1/2/3. X-ray crystal structure and MALDI-TOF studies demonstrated that compound 6h bearing the alpha-fluoro acrylamide binds to FGFR4 with an irreversible binding mode, whereas compound 6i with an acetaldehyde amine binds to FGFR4 with a reversible covalent mode. 6h and 6i might provide some fundamental structural information for the rational design of new selective FGFR4 inhibitors.
Investigation of Covalent Warheads in the Design of 2-Aminopyrimidine-based FGFR4 Inhibitors.,Deng W, Chen X, Jiang K, Song X, Huang M, Tu ZC, Zhang Z, Lin X, Ortega R, Patterson AV, Smaill JB, Ding K, Chen S, Chen Y, Lu X ACS Med Chem Lett. 2021 Mar 22;12(4):647-652. doi:, 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00052. eCollection 2021 Apr 8. PMID:33859803[15]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
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- ↑ Zhang X, Ibrahimi OA, Olsen SK, Umemori H, Mohammadi M, Ornitz DM. Receptor specificity of the fibroblast growth factor family. The complete mammalian FGF family. J Biol Chem. 2006 Jun 9;281(23):15694-700. Epub 2006 Apr 4. PMID:16597617 doi:10.1074/jbc.M601252200
- ↑ Kurosu H, Choi M, Ogawa Y, Dickson AS, Goetz R, Eliseenkova AV, Mohammadi M, Rosenblatt KP, Kliewer SA, Kuro-o M. Tissue-specific expression of betaKlotho and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor isoforms determines metabolic activity of FGF19 and FGF21. J Biol Chem. 2007 Sep 14;282(37):26687-95. Epub 2007 Jul 10. PMID:17623664 doi:10.1074/jbc.M704165200
- ↑ Citores L, Bai L, Sorensen V, Olsnes S. Fibroblast growth factor receptor-induced phosphorylation of STAT1 at the Golgi apparatus without translocation to the nucleus. J Cell Physiol. 2007 Jul;212(1):148-56. PMID:17311277 doi:10.1002/jcp.21014
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- ↑ Triantis V, Saeland E, Bijl N, Oude-Elferink RP, Jansen PL. Glycosylation of fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 is a key regulator of fibroblast growth factor 19-mediated down-regulation of cytochrome P450 7A1. Hepatology. 2010 Aug;52(2):656-66. doi: 10.1002/hep.23708. PMID:20683963 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.23708
- ↑ Wu X, Ge H, Lemon B, Vonderfecht S, Weiszmann J, Hecht R, Gupte J, Hager T, Wang Z, Lindberg R, Li Y. FGF19-induced hepatocyte proliferation is mediated through FGFR4 activation. J Biol Chem. 2010 Feb 19;285(8):5165-70. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.068783. Epub 2009 , Dec 15. PMID:20018895 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M109.068783
- ↑ Sugiyama N, Varjosalo M, Meller P, Lohi J, Chan KM, Zhou Z, Alitalo K, Taipale J, Keski-Oja J, Lehti K. FGF receptor-4 (FGFR4) polymorphism acts as an activity switch of a membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase-FGFR4 complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Sep 7;107(36):15786-91. doi:, 10.1073/pnas.0914459107. Epub 2010 Aug 23. PMID:20798051 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0914459107
- ↑ Nakamura M, Uehara Y, Asada M, Honda E, Nagai N, Kimata K, Suzuki M, Imamura T. Sulfated glycosaminoglycans are required for specific and sensitive fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 signaling via FGF receptor 4 and betaKlotho. J Biol Chem. 2011 Jul 29;286(30):26418-23. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.251140. Epub, 2011 Jun 8. PMID:21653700 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M111.251140
- ↑ Sugiyama N, Varjosalo M, Meller P, Lohi J, Hyytiainen M, Kilpinen S, Kallioniemi O, Ingvarsen S, Engelholm LH, Taipale J, Alitalo K, Keski-Oja J, Lehti K. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 regulates tumor invasion by coupling fibroblast growth factor signaling to extracellular matrix degradation. Cancer Res. 2010 Oct 15;70(20):7851-61. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1223. Epub , 2010 Sep 28. PMID:20876804 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-10-1223
- ↑ Deng W, Chen X, Jiang K, Song X, Huang M, Tu ZC, Zhang Z, Lin X, Ortega R, Patterson AV, Smaill JB, Ding K, Chen S, Chen Y, Lu X. Investigation of Covalent Warheads in the Design of 2-Aminopyrimidine-based FGFR4 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett. 2021 Mar 22;12(4):647-652. doi:, 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00052. eCollection 2021 Apr 8. PMID:33859803 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00052
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