1jlt
From Proteopedia
Vipoxin Complex
Structural highlights
Function[PA2A_VIPAE] Heterodimer: postsynaptic neurotoxin.[1] Monomer: Acidic phospholipase A2 homolog that is non-toxic.[2] [PA2B_VIPAE] Heterodimer: postsynaptic neurotoxin. Monomer: snake venom phospholipase A2 (PLA2) that shows hemolytic activity and inhibition of platelet aggregation. The hemolytic activity occurs only in presence of fatty acids (unsaturated fatty acids facilitate induce a strong hemolytic activity, whereas saturated fatty acids induce a slight activity). The inhibition of platelet aggregation is almost maximal when aggregation is induced by collagen, and arachidonic acid, whereas it is only of 30% when the aggregation is induced by ADP. PLA2 catalyzes the calcium-dependent hydrolysis of the 2-acyl groups in 3-sn-phosphoglycerides. Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedVipoxin is a neurotoxic postsynaptic heterodimeric complex from the venom of Vipera ammodytes meridionalis, the most toxic snake in Europe. It consists of a basic and highly toxic phospholipase A(2) and an acidic non-toxic protein inhibitor. The two polypeptide chains have the same chain length and share 62% amino-acid identity. Vipoxin is a unique example of evolution of the catalytic and toxic phospholipase A(2) functions into inhibitory and non-toxic functions. The crystal structure of the complex has been determined by the molecular-replacement method and refined to 1.4 A resolution to an R factor of 18.2%. The complex formation decreases the accessible surface area of the two subunits by approximately 1480 A(2), which results in a reduction of toxicity and catalytic activity. The catalytic and substrate-binding sites of the vipoxin phospholipase A(2) are identical or similar to those of other group I/II enzymes. Two 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol molecules are present in the hydrophobic channel close to the active site. The two subunits lack calcium ions. The negatively charged Asp49 of the phospholipase A(2), which participates in the Ca(2+)-binding sites of other snake-venom phospholipase A(2)s, is neutralized by the side chain of Lys69 from the inhibitor. Attempts have been made to identify the toxicity region and to explain the reduced catalytic activity and toxicity of the phospholipase A(2) subunit. Structure of the neurotoxic complex vipoxin at 1.4 A resolution.,Banumathi S, Rajashankar KR, Notzel C, Aleksiev B, Singh TP, Genov N, Betzel C Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr. 2001 Nov;57(Pt 11):1552-9. Epub 2001, Oct 25. PMID:11679719[3] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. See AlsoReferences
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