Structural highlights
Function
[TRPA_STRPN] The alpha subunit is responsible for the aldol cleavage of indoleglycerol phosphate to indole and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Tryptophan synthase catalyzes the last two steps of tryptophan biosynthesis in plants, fungi and bacteria. It consists of two protein chains, designated alpha and beta, encoded by trpA and trpB genes, that function as an alphabetabetaalpha complex. Structural and functional features of tryptophan synthase have been extensively studied, explaining the roles of individual residues in the two active sites in catalysis and allosteric regulation. TrpA serves as a model for protein-folding studies. In 1969, Jackson and Yanofsky observed that the typically monomeric TrpA forms a small population of dimers. Dimerization was postulated to take place through an exchange of structural elements of the monomeric chains, a phenomenon later termed 3D domain swapping. The structural details of the TrpA dimer have remained unknown. Here, the crystal structure of the Streptococcus pneumoniae TrpA homodimer is reported, demonstrating 3D domain swapping in a TIM-barrel fold for the first time. The N-terminal domain comprising the H0-S1-H1-S2 elements is exchanged, while the hinge region corresponds to loop L2 linking strand S2 to helix H2'. The structural elements S2 and L2 carry the catalytic residues Glu52 and Asp63. As the S2 element is part of the swapped domain, the architecture of the catalytic apparatus in the dimer is recreated from two protein chains. The homodimer interface overlaps with the alpha-beta interface of the tryptophan synthase alphabetabetaalpha heterotetramer, suggesting that the 3D domain-swapped dimer cannot form a complex with the beta subunit. In the crystal, the dimers assemble into a decamer comprising two pentameric rings.
3D domain swapping in the TIM barrel of the alpha subunit of Streptococcus pneumoniae tryptophan synthase.,Michalska K, Kowiel M, Bigelow L, Endres M, Gilski M, Jaskolski M, Joachimiak A Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol. 2020 Feb 1;76(Pt 2):166-175. doi:, 10.1107/S2059798320000212. Epub 2020 Jan 31. PMID:32038047[1]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Michalska K, Kowiel M, Bigelow L, Endres M, Gilski M, Jaskolski M, Joachimiak A. 3D domain swapping in the TIM barrel of the alpha subunit of Streptococcus pneumoniae tryptophan synthase. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol. 2020 Feb 1;76(Pt 2):166-175. doi:, 10.1107/S2059798320000212. Epub 2020 Jan 31. PMID:32038047 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S2059798320000212
