Structural highlights
Function
[CHEY_ECOLI] Involved in the transmission of sensory signals from the chemoreceptors to the flagellar motors. In its active (phosphorylated or acetylated) form, CheY exhibits enhanced binding to a switch component, FliM, at the flagellar motor which induces a change from counterclockwise to clockwise flagellar rotation. Overexpression of CheY in association with MotA and MotB improves motility of a ycgR disruption, suggesting there is an interaction (direct or indirect) between the c-di-GMP-binding flagellar brake protein and the flagellar stator.[1]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Response regulator signaling proteins and phosphatases of the haloacid dehalogenase (HAD) superfamily share strikingly similar folds, active site geometries, and reaction chemistry. Proteins from both families catalyze the transfer of a phosphoryl group from a substrate to one of their own aspartyl residues, and subsequent hydrolysis of the phosphoprotein. Notable differences include an additional Asp that functions as an acid/base catalyst and an active site well-structured prior to phosphorylation in HAD phosphatases. Both features contribute to reactions substantially faster than those for response regulators. To investigate mechanisms underlying the functional differences between response regulators and HAD phosphatases, we characterized five double mutants of the response regulator CheY designed to mimic HAD phosphatases. Each mutant contained the extra Asp paired with a phosphatase-inspired substitution to potentially position the Asp properly. Only CheY DR (Arg as the anchor) exhibited enhanced rates of both autophosphorylation with phosphoramidate and autodephosphorylation compared to those of wild-type CheY. Crystal structures of CheY DR complexed with MoO4(2-) or WO4(2-) revealed active site hydrogen bonding networks similar to those in HAD.substrate complexes, with the extra Asp positioned for direct interaction with the leaving group (phosphorylation) or nucleophile (dephosphorylation). However, CheY DR reaction kinetics did not exhibit the pH sensitivities expected for acid/base catalysis. Biochemical analysis indicated CheY DR had an enhanced propensity to adopt the active conformation without phosphorylation, but a crystal structure revealed unphosphorylated CheY DR was not locked in the active conformation. Thus, the enhanced reactivity of CheY DR reflected partial acquisition of catalytic and structural features of HAD phosphatases.
Probing Mechanistic Similarities between Response Regulator Signaling Proteins and Haloacid Dehalogenase Phosphatases.,Immormino RM, Starbird CA, Silversmith RE, Bourret RB Biochemistry. 2015 Jun 9;54(22):3514-27. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00286. Epub, 2015 May 28. PMID:25928369[2]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Paul K, Nieto V, Carlquist WC, Blair DF, Harshey RM. The c-di-GMP binding protein YcgR controls flagellar motor direction and speed to affect chemotaxis by a "backstop brake" mechanism. Mol Cell. 2010 Apr 9;38(1):128-39. doi: 10.1016/j.molcel.2010.03.001. Epub 2010, Mar 25. PMID:20346719 doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2010.03.001
- ↑ Immormino RM, Starbird CA, Silversmith RE, Bourret RB. Probing Mechanistic Similarities between Response Regulator Signaling Proteins and Haloacid Dehalogenase Phosphatases. Biochemistry. 2015 Jun 9;54(22):3514-27. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00286. Epub, 2015 May 28. PMID:25928369 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00286
