7tw9

Structural highlights

Disease

[ETV6_HUMAN] Note=A chromosomal aberration involving ETV6 is found in a form of chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). Translocation t(5;12)(q33;p13) with PDGFRB. It is characterized by abnormal clonal myeloid proliferation and by progression to acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).^[1] Note=Chromosomal aberrations involving ETV6 are found in a form of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Translocation t(12;22)(p13;q11) with MN1; translocation t(4;12)(q12;p13) with CHIC2.^{[2] [3] [4]} Note=Chromosomal aberrations involving ETV6 are found in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Translocations t(12;21)(p12;q22) and t(12;21)(p13;q22) with RUNX1/AML1. Note=A chromosomal aberration involving ETV6 is found in a form of pre-B acute myeloid leukemia. Translocation t(9;12)(p24;p13) with JAK2. Note=A chromosomal aberration involving ETV6 is found in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with basophilia. Translocation t(5;12)(q31;p13) with ACSL6. Note=A chromosomal aberration involving ETV6 is found in acute eosinophilic leukemia (AEL). Translocation t(5;12)(q31;p13) with ACSL6. Note=A chromosomal aberration involving ETV6 is found in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Translocation t(1;12)(p36.1;p13) with MDS2. Defects in ETV6 are a cause of myeloproliferative disorder chronic with eosinophilia (MPE) [MIM:131440]. A hematologic disorder characterized by malignant eosinophils proliferation. Note=A chromosomal aberration involving ETV6 is found in many instances of myeloproliferative disorder chronic with eosinophilia. Translocation t(5;12) with PDGFRB on chromosome 5 creating an ETV6-PDGFRB fusion protein. Defects in ETV6 are a cause of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) [MIM:601626]. AML is a malignant disease in which hematopoietic precursors are arrested in an early stage of development.^{[5] [6] [7]} Note=A chromosomal aberration involving ETV6 is found in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Translocation t(9;12)(p13;p13) with PAX5.

Function

[ETV6_HUMAN] Transcriptional repressor; binds to the DNA sequence 5'-CCGGAAGT-3'.[R1AB_SARS2] Multifunctional protein involved in the transcription and replication of viral RNAs. Contains the proteinases responsible for the cleavages of the polyprotein.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Inhibits host translation by interacting with the 40S ribosomal subunit. The nsp1-40S ribosome complex further induces an endonucleolytic cleavage near the 5'UTR of host mRNAs, targeting them for degradation. Viral mRNAs are not susceptible to nsp1-mediated endonucleolytic RNA cleavage thanks to the presence of a 5'-end leader sequence and are therefore protected from degradation. By suppressing host gene expression, nsp1 facilitates efficient viral gene expression in infected cells and evasion from host immune response.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] May play a role in the modulation of host cell survival signaling pathway by interacting with host PHB and PHB2. Indeed, these two proteins play a role in maintaining the functional integrity of the mitochondria and protecting cells from various stresses.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Responsible for the cleavages located at the N-terminus of the replicase polyprotein. In addition, PL-PRO possesses a deubiquitinating/deISGylating activity and processes both 'Lys-48'- and 'Lys-63'-linked polyubiquitin chains from cellular substrates. Participates together with nsp4 in the assembly of virally-induced cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles necessary for viral replication. Antagonizes innate immune induction of type I interferon by blocking the phosphorylation, dimerization and subsequent nuclear translocation of host IRF3. Prevents also host NF-kappa-B signaling.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Participates in the assembly of virally-induced cytoplasmic double-membrane vesicles necessary for viral replication.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Cleaves the C-terminus of replicase polyprotein at 11 sites. Recognizes substrates containing the core sequence [ILMVF]-Q-|-[SGACN] (PubMed:32198291). Also able to bind an ADP-ribose-1-phosphate (ADRP).[UniProtKB:P0C6X7]^[8] Plays a role in the initial induction of autophagosomes from host reticulum endoplasmic. Later, limits the expansion of these phagosomes that are no longer able to deliver viral components to lysosomes.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Forms a hexadecamer with nsp8 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Forms a hexadecamer with nsp7 (8 subunits of each) that may participate in viral replication by acting as a primase. Alternatively, may synthesize substantially longer products than oligonucleotide primers.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] May participate in viral replication by acting as a ssRNA-binding protein.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Plays a pivotal role in viral transcription by stimulating both nsp14 3'-5' exoribonuclease and nsp16 2'-O-methyltransferase activities. Therefore plays an essential role in viral mRNAs cap methylation.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Responsible for replication and transcription of the viral RNA genome.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Multi-functional protein with a zinc-binding domain in N-terminus displaying RNA and DNA duplex-unwinding activities with 5' to 3' polarity. Activity of helicase is dependent on magnesium.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Enzyme possessing two different activities: an exoribonuclease activity acting on both ssRNA and dsRNA in a 3' to 5' direction and a N7-guanine methyltransferase activity. Acts as a proofreading exoribonuclease for RNA replication, thereby lowering The sensitivity of the virus to RNA mutagens.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Mn(2+)-dependent, uridylate-specific enzyme, which leaves 2'-3'-cyclic phosphates 5' to the cleaved bond.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7] Methyltransferase that mediates mRNA cap 2'-O-ribose methylation to the 5'-cap structure of viral mRNAs. N7-methyl guanosine cap is a prerequisite for binding of nsp16. Therefore plays an essential role in viral mRNAs cap methylation which is essential to evade immune system.[UniProtKB:P0C6X7]

References

1. ↑ Odero MD, Vizmanos JL, Roman JP, Lahortiga I, Panizo C, Calasanz MJ, Zeleznik-Le NJ, Rowley JD, Novo FJ. A novel gene, MDS2, is fused to ETV6/TEL in a t(1;12)(p36.1;p13) in a patient with myelodysplastic syndrome. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2002 Sep;35(1):11-9. PMID:12203785 doi:10.1002/gcc.10090
2. ↑ Golub TR, Barker GF, Bohlander SK, Hiebert SW, Ward DC, Bray-Ward P, Morgan E, Raimondi SC, Rowley JD, Gilliland DG. Fusion of the TEL gene on 12p13 to the AML1 gene on 21q22 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 May 23;92(11):4917-21. PMID:7761424
3. ↑ Romana SP, Mauchauffe M, Le Coniat M, Chumakov I, Le Paslier D, Berger R, Bernard OA. The t(12;21) of acute lymphoblastic leukemia results in a tel-AML1 gene fusion. Blood. 1995 Jun 15;85(12):3662-70. PMID:7780150
4. ↑ Barjesteh van Waalwijk van Doorn-Khosrovani S, Spensberger D, de Knegt Y, Tang M, Lowenberg B, Delwel R. Somatic heterozygous mutations in ETV6 (TEL) and frequent absence of ETV6 protein in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncogene. 2005 Jun 9;24(25):4129-37. PMID:15806161 doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208588
5. ↑ Golub TR, Barker GF, Bohlander SK, Hiebert SW, Ward DC, Bray-Ward P, Morgan E, Raimondi SC, Rowley JD, Gilliland DG. Fusion of the TEL gene on 12p13 to the AML1 gene on 21q22 in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 May 23;92(11):4917-21. PMID:7761424
6. ↑ Romana SP, Mauchauffe M, Le Coniat M, Chumakov I, Le Paslier D, Berger R, Bernard OA. The t(12;21) of acute lymphoblastic leukemia results in a tel-AML1 gene fusion. Blood. 1995 Jun 15;85(12):3662-70. PMID:7780150
7. ↑ Barjesteh van Waalwijk van Doorn-Khosrovani S, Spensberger D, de Knegt Y, Tang M, Lowenberg B, Delwel R. Somatic heterozygous mutations in ETV6 (TEL) and frequent absence of ETV6 protein in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncogene. 2005 Jun 9;24(25):4129-37. PMID:15806161 doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208588
8. ↑ Zhang L, Lin D, Sun X, Curth U, Drosten C, Sauerhering L, Becker S, Rox K, Hilgenfeld R. Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 main protease provides a basis for design of improved alpha-ketoamide inhibitors. Science. 2020 Mar 20. pii: science.abb3405. doi: 10.1126/science.abb3405. PMID:32198291 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abb3405