| Structural highlights
Function
[SETMR_HUMAN] Histone methyltransferase that methylates 'Lys-4' and 'Lys-36' of histone H3, 2 specific tags for epigenetic transcriptional activation. Specifically mediates dimethylation of H3 'Lys-36'. Has sequence-specific DNA-binding activity and recognizes the 19-mer core of the 5'-terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) of the Hsmar1 element. Has DNA nicking activity. Has in vivo end joining activity and may mediate genomic integration of foreign DNA.[1] [2] [3] [4]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Extensive portions of the human genome have unknown function, including those derived from transposable elements. One such element, the DNA transposon Hsmar1, entered the primate lineage approximately 50 million years ago leaving behind terminal inverted repeat (TIR) sequences and a single intact copy of the Hsmar1 transposase, which retains its ancestral TIR-DNA-binding activity, and is fused with a lysine methyltransferase SET domain to constitute the chimeric SETMAR gene. Here, we provide a structural basis for recognition of TIRs by SETMAR and investigate the function of SETMAR through genome-wide approaches. As elucidated in our 2.37 A crystal structure, SETMAR forms a dimeric complex with each DNA-binding domain bound specifically to TIR-DNA through the formation of 32 hydrogen bonds. We found that SETMAR recognizes primarily TIR sequences ( approximately 5000 sites) within the human genome as assessed by chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing analysis. In two SETMAR KO cell lines, we identified 163 shared differentially expressed genes and 233 shared alternative splicing events. Among these genes are several pre-mRNA-splicing factors, transcription factors, and genes associated with neuronal function, and one alternatively spliced primate-specific gene, TMEM14B, which has been identified as a marker for neocortex expansion associated with brain evolution. Taken together, our results suggest a model in which SETMAR impacts differential expression and alternative splicing of genes associated with transcription and neuronal function, potentially through both its TIR-specific DNA-binding and lysine methyltransferase activities, consistent with a role for SETMAR in simian primate development.
Structural and genome-wide analyses suggest that transposon-derived protein SETMAR alters transcription and splicing.,Chen Q, Bates AM, Hanquier JN, Simpson E, Rusch DB, Podicheti R, Liu Y, Wek RC, Cornett EM, Georgiadis MM J Biol Chem. 2022 May;298(5):101894. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101894. Epub 2022, Apr 1. PMID:35378129[5]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Lee SH, Oshige M, Durant ST, Rasila KK, Williamson EA, Ramsey H, Kwan L, Nickoloff JA, Hromas R. The SET domain protein Metnase mediates foreign DNA integration and links integration to nonhomologous end-joining repair. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Dec 13;102(50):18075-80. Epub 2005 Dec 6. PMID:16332963 doi:10.1073/pnas.0503676102
- ↑ Cordaux R, Udit S, Batzer MA, Feschotte C. Birth of a chimeric primate gene by capture of the transposase gene from a mobile element. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 May 23;103(21):8101-6. Epub 2006 May 3. PMID:16672366 doi:0601161103
- ↑ Roman Y, Oshige M, Lee YJ, Goodwin K, Georgiadis MM, Hromas RA, Lee SH. Biochemical characterization of a SET and transposase fusion protein, Metnase: its DNA binding and DNA cleavage activity. Biochemistry. 2007 Oct 9;46(40):11369-76. Epub 2007 Sep 18. PMID:17877369 doi:10.1021/bi7005477
- ↑ Miskey C, Papp B, Mates L, Sinzelle L, Keller H, Izsvak Z, Ivics Z. The ancient mariner sails again: transposition of the human Hsmar1 element by a reconstructed transposase and activities of the SETMAR protein on transposon ends. Mol Cell Biol. 2007 Jun;27(12):4589-600. Epub 2007 Apr 2. PMID:17403897 doi:10.1128/MCB.02027-06
- ↑ Chen Q, Bates AM, Hanquier JN, Simpson E, Rusch DB, Podicheti R, Liu Y, Wek RC, Cornett EM, Georgiadis MM. Structural and genome-wide analyses suggest that transposon-derived protein SETMAR alters transcription and splicing. J Biol Chem. 2022 May;298(5):101894. doi: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101894. Epub 2022, Apr 1. PMID:35378129 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101894
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