Amino Acid Synthesis

• Alpha-Ketoglutarates: glutamate, glutamine, proline, arginine
• Erythrose 4-phosphate and phosphoenolpyruvate: phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan
• Oxaloacetate/aspartate: lysine, asparagine, methionine, threonine, and isoleucine
• Pyruvate: alanine, valine, and leucine

Pyruvate, the result of glycolysis, can feed into both the TCA cycle and fermentation processes. Reactions beginning with either one or two molecules of pyruvate lead to the synthesis of alanine, valine, and leucine.