Structural highlights
Function
IL9_HUMAN Multifunctional cytokine secreted mainly by T-helper 2 lymphocytes and also mast cells or NKT cells that plays important roles in the immune response against parasites (PubMed:29742432). Affects intestinal epithelial permeability and adaptive immunity (PubMed:29742432). In addition, induces the differentiation of specific T-cell subsets such as IL-17 producing helper T-cells (TH17) and also proliferation and differentiation of mast cells. Mechanistically, exerts its biological effects through a receptor composed of IL9R subunit and a signal transducing subunit IL2RG. Receptor stimulation results in the rapid activation of JAK1 and JAK3 kinase activities leading to STAT1, STAT3 and STAT5-mediated transcriptional programs. Induction of differentiation genes seems to be mediated by STAT1 alone, while protection of cells from apoptosis depends on STAT3 and STAT5.[UniProtKB:P15247][1]
References
- ↑ Renga G, Moretti S, Oikonomou V, Borghi M, Zelante T, Paolicelli G, Costantini C, De Zuani M, Villella VR, Raia V, Del Sordo R, Bartoli A, Baldoni M, Renauld JC, Sidoni A, Garaci E, Maiuri L, Pucillo C, Romani L. IL-9 and Mast Cells Are Key Players of Candida albicans Commensalism and Pathogenesis in the Gut. Cell Rep. 2018 May 8;23(6):1767-1778. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.034. PMID:29742432 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.034
