| Structural highlights
Disease
B3AT_HUMAN Defects in SLC4A1 are the cause of elliptocytosis type 4 (EL4) [MIM:109270. EL4 is a Rhesus-unlinked form of hereditary elliptocytosis, a genetically heterogeneous, autosomal dominant hematologic disorder. It is characterized by variable hemolytic anemia and elliptical or oval red cell shape.[1] [2] Defects in SLC4A1 are the cause of spherocytosis type 4 (SPH4) [MIM:612653; also known as hereditary spherocytosis type 4 (HS4). Spherocytosis is a hematologic disorder leading to chronic hemolytic anemia and characterized by numerous abnormally shaped erythrocytes which are generally spheroidal.[3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] Defects in SLC4A1 are the cause of renal tubular acidosis, distal, autosomal dominant (AD-dRTA) [MIM:179800. A disease characterized by reduced ability to acidify urine, variable hyperchloremic hypokalemic metabolic acidosis, nephrocalcinosis, and nephrolithiasis. Defects in SLC4A1 are the cause of renal tubular acidosis, distal, with hemolytic anemia (dRTA-HA) [MIM:611590. A disease characterized by the association of hemolytic anemia with distal renal tubular acidosis, the reduced ability to acidify urine resulting in variable hyperchloremic hypokalemic metabolic acidosis, nephrocalcinosis, and nephrolithiasis. Defects in SLC4A1 are the cause of renal tubular acidosis, distal, with normal red cell morphology (dRTA-NRC) [MIM:611590. A disease characterized by reduced ability to acidify urine, variable hyperchloremic hypokalemic metabolic acidosis, nephrocalcinosis, and nephrolithiasis.
Function
B3AT_HUMAN Band 3 is the major integral glycoprotein of the erythrocyte membrane. Band 3 has two functional domains. Its integral domain mediates a 1:1 exchange of inorganic anions across the membrane, whereas its cytoplasmic domain provides binding sites for cytoskeletal proteins, glycolytic enzymes, and hemoglobin.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Anion exchanger 1 (AE1), a member of the solute carrier (SLC) family, is the primary bicarbonate transporter in erythrocytes, regulating pH levels and CO(2) transport between lungs and tissues. Previous studies characterized its role in erythrocyte structure and provided insight into transport regulation. However, key questions remain regarding substrate binding and transport, mechanisms of drug inhibition and modulation by membrane components. Here we present seven cryo-EM structures in apo, bicarbonate-bound and inhibitor-bound states. These, combined with uptake and computational studies, reveal important molecular features of substrate recognition and transport, and illuminate sterol binding sites, to elucidate distinct inhibitory mechanisms of research chemicals and prescription drugs. We further probe the substrate binding site via structure-based ligand screening, identifying an AE1 inhibitor. Together, our findings provide insight into mechanisms of solute carrier transport and inhibition.
Substrate binding and inhibition of the anion exchanger 1 transporter.,Capper MJ, Yang S, Stone AC, Vatansever S, Zilberg G, Mathiharan YK, Habib R, Hutchinson K, Zhao Y, Schlessinger A, Mezei M, Osman R, Zhang B, Wacker D Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2023 Sep 7. doi: 10.1038/s41594-023-01085-6. PMID:37679563[18]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
References
- ↑ Jarolim P, Palek J, Amato D, Hassan K, Sapak P, Nurse GT, Rubin HL, Zhai S, Sahr KE, Liu SC. Deletion in erythrocyte band 3 gene in malaria-resistant Southeast Asian ovalocytosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Dec 15;88(24):11022-6. PMID:1722314
- ↑ Schofield AE, Tanner MJ, Pinder JC, Clough B, Bayley PM, Nash GB, Dluzewski AR, Reardon DM, Cox TM, Wilson RJ, et al.. Basis of unique red cell membrane properties in hereditary ovalocytosis. J Mol Biol. 1992 Feb 20;223(4):949-58. PMID:1538405
- ↑ Maillet P, Vallier A, Reinhart WH, Wyss EJ, Ott P, Texier P, Baklouti F, Tanner MJ, Delaunay J, Alloisio N. Band 3 Chur: a variant associated with band 3-deficient hereditary spherocytosis and substitution in a highly conserved position of transmembrane segment 11. Br J Haematol. 1995 Dec;91(4):804-10. PMID:8547122
- ↑ Jarolim P, Palek J, Rubin HL, Prchal JT, Korsgren C, Cohen CM. Band 3 Tuscaloosa: Pro327----Arg327 substitution in the cytoplasmic domain of erythrocyte band 3 protein associated with spherocytic hemolytic anemia and partial deficiency of protein 4.2. Blood. 1992 Jul 15;80(2):523-9. PMID:1378323
- ↑ Jarolim P, Rubin HL, Brabec V, Chrobak L, Zolotarev AS, Alper SL, Brugnara C, Wichterle H, Palek J. Mutations of conserved arginines in the membrane domain of erythroid band 3 lead to a decrease in membrane-associated band 3 and to the phenotype of hereditary spherocytosis. Blood. 1995 Feb 1;85(3):634-40. PMID:7530501
- ↑ Jarolim P, Murray JL, Rubin HL, Taylor WM, Prchal JT, Ballas SK, Snyder LM, Chrobak L, Melrose WD, Brabec V, Palek J. Characterization of 13 novel band 3 gene defects in hereditary spherocytosis with band 3 deficiency. Blood. 1996 Dec 1;88(11):4366-74. PMID:8943874
- ↑ Eber SW, Gonzalez JM, Lux ML, Scarpa AL, Tse WT, Dornwell M, Herbers J, Kugler W, Ozcan R, Pekrun A, Gallagher PG, Schroter W, Forget BG, Lux SE. Ankyrin-1 mutations are a major cause of dominant and recessive hereditary spherocytosis. Nat Genet. 1996 Jun;13(2):214-8. PMID:8640229 doi:10.1038/ng0696-214
- ↑ Alloisio N, Texier P, Vallier A, Ribeiro ML, Morle L, Bozon M, Bursaux E, Maillet P, Goncalves P, Tanner MJ, Tamagnini G, Delaunay J. Modulation of clinical expression and band 3 deficiency in hereditary spherocytosis. Blood. 1997 Jul 1;90(1):414-20. PMID:9207478
- ↑ Miraglia del Giudice E, Vallier A, Maillet P, Perrotta S, Cutillo S, Iolascon A, Tanner MJ, Delaunay J, Alloisio N. Novel band 3 variants (bands 3 Foggia, Napoli I and Napoli II) associated with hereditary spherocytosis and band 3 deficiency: status of the D38A polymorphism within the EPB3 locus. Br J Haematol. 1997 Jan;96(1):70-6. PMID:9012689
- ↑ Dhermy D, Galand C, Bournier O, Boulanger L, Cynober T, Schismanoff PO, Bursaux E, Tchernia G, Boivin P, Garbarz M. Heterogenous band 3 deficiency in hereditary spherocytosis related to different band 3 gene defects. Br J Haematol. 1997 Jul;98(1):32-40. PMID:9233560
- ↑ Iwase S, Ideguchi H, Takao M, Horiguchi-Yamada J, Iwasaki M, Takahara S, Sekikawa T, Mochizuki S, Yamada H. Band 3 Tokyo: Thr837-->Ala837 substitution in erythrocyte band 3 protein associated with spherocytic hemolysis. Acta Haematol. 1998;100(4):200-3. PMID:9973643 doi:40904
- ↑ Lima PR, Sales TS, Costa FF, Saad ST. Arginine 490 is a hot spot for mutation in the band 3 gene in hereditary spherocytosis. Eur J Haematol. 1999 Nov;63(5):360-1. PMID:10580570
- ↑ Ribeiro ML, Alloisio N, Almeida H, Gomes C, Texier P, Lemos C, Mimoso G, Morle L, Bey-Cabet F, Rudigoz RC, Delaunay J, Tamagnini G. Severe hereditary spherocytosis and distal renal tubular acidosis associated with the total absence of band 3. Blood. 2000 Aug 15;96(4):1602-4. PMID:10942416
- ↑ Yawata Y, Kanzaki A, Yawata A, Doerfler W, Ozcan R, Eber SW. Characteristic features of the genotype and phenotype of hereditary spherocytosis in the Japanese population. Int J Hematol. 2000 Feb;71(2):118-35. PMID:10745622
- ↑ Bracher NA, Lyons CA, Wessels G, Mansvelt E, Coetzer TL. Band 3 Cape Town (E90K) causes severe hereditary spherocytosis in combination with band 3 Prague III. Br J Haematol. 2001 Jun;113(3):689-93. PMID:11380459
- ↑ Lima PR, Baratti MO, Chiattone ML, Costa FF, Saad ST. Band 3Tambau: a de novo mutation in the AE1 gene associated with hereditary spherocytosis. Implications for anion exchange and insertion into the red blood cell membrane. Eur J Haematol. 2005 May;74(5):396-401. PMID:15813913 doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.2004.00405.x
- ↑ Bruce LJ, Robinson HC, Guizouarn H, Borgese F, Harrison P, King MJ, Goede JS, Coles SE, Gore DM, Lutz HU, Ficarella R, Layton DM, Iolascon A, Ellory JC, Stewart GW. Monovalent cation leaks in human red cells caused by single amino-acid substitutions in the transport domain of the band 3 chloride-bicarbonate exchanger, AE1. Nat Genet. 2005 Nov;37(11):1258-63. Epub 2005 Oct 9. PMID:16227998 doi:10.1038/ng1656
- ↑ Capper MJ, Yang S, Stone AC, Vatansever S, Zilberg G, Mathiharan YK, Habib R, Hutchinson K, Zhao Y, Schlessinger A, Mezei M, Osman R, Zhang B, Wacker D. Substrate binding and inhibition of the anion exchanger 1 transporter. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2023 Sep 7. PMID:37679563 doi:10.1038/s41594-023-01085-6
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