| Structural highlights
6veq is a 12 chain structure with sequence from Conus geographus, Homo sapiens and Mus musculus. Full crystallographic information is available from OCA. For a guided tour on the structure components use FirstGlance.
| | Method: | X-ray diffraction, Resolution 3.25Å |
| Ligands: | , , , , , , , |
| Resources: | FirstGlance, OCA, PDBe, RCSB, PDBsum, ProSAT |
Function
INS1A_CONGE This venom insulin, from a fish-hunting cone snail, facilitates prey capture by rapidly inducing hypoglycemic shock (PubMed:25605914, PubMed:27617429). It is one of the smallest known insulin found in nature and lacks the C-terminal segment of the B chain that, in human insulin, mediates engagement of the insulin receptor (INSR) and assembly of the hormone's hexameric storage form (PubMed:27617429). Despite lacking this segment, it both binds and activates human insulin receptor (long isoform (HIR-B)) with a high potency (EC(50)=16.28 nM) (PubMed:30747102, PubMed:27617429). In vivo, intraperitoneal injection of this peptide into zebrafish lowers blood glucose with the same potency than human insulin (PubMed:25605914, PubMed:30747102). In addition, when applied to water, this peptide reduces overall locomotor activity of zebrafish larvae, observed as a significant decrease in the percentage of time spent swimming and movement frequency (PubMed:25605914). When tested on a mouse model of diabetes, this insulin also lowers blood glucose with a 10-fold lower potency than human insulin (PubMed:30747102).[1] [2] [3]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Human insulin and its current therapeutic analogs all show propensity, albeit varyingly, to self-associate into dimers and hexamers, which delays their onset of action and makes blood glucose management difficult for people with diabetes. Recently, we described a monomeric, insulin-like peptide in cone-snail venom with moderate human insulin-like bioactivity. Here, with insights from structural biology studies, we report the development of mini-Ins-a human des-octapeptide insulin analog-as a structurally minimal, full-potency insulin. Mini-Ins is monomeric and, despite the lack of the canonical B-chain C-terminal octapeptide, has similar receptor binding affinity to human insulin. Four mutations compensate for the lack of contacts normally made by the octapeptide. Mini-Ins also has similar in vitro insulin signaling and in vivo bioactivities to human insulin. The full bioactivity of mini-Ins demonstrates the dispensability of the PheB24-PheB25-TyrB26 aromatic triplet and opens a new direction for therapeutic insulin development.
A structurally minimized yet fully active insulin based on cone-snail venom insulin principles.,Xiong X, Menting JG, Disotuar MM, Smith NA, Delaine CA, Ghabash G, Agrawal R, Wang X, He X, Fisher SJ, MacRaild CA, Norton RS, Gajewiak J, Forbes BE, Smith BJ, Safavi-Hemami H, Olivera B, Lawrence MC, Chou DH Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2020 Jun 1. pii: 10.1038/s41594-020-0430-8. doi:, 10.1038/s41594-020-0430-8. PMID:32483339[4]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Safavi-Hemami H, Gajewiak J, Karanth S, Robinson SD, Ueberheide B, Douglass AD, Schlegel A, Imperial JS, Watkins M, Bandyopadhyay PK, Yandell M, Li Q, Purcell AW, Norton RS, Ellgaard L, Olivera BM. Specialized insulin is used for chemical warfare by fish-hunting cone snails. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Feb 10;112(6):1743-8. PMID:25605914 doi:10.1073/pnas.1423857112
- ↑ Menting JG, Gajewiak J, MacRaild CA, Chou DH, Disotuar MM, Smith NA, Miller C, Erchegyi J, Rivier JE, Olivera BM, Forbes BE, Smith BJ, Norton RS, Safavi-Hemami H, Lawrence MC. A minimized human insulin-receptor-binding motif revealed in a Conus geographus venom insulin. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2016 Sep 12. doi: 10.1038/nsmb.3292. PMID:27617429 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nsmb.3292
- ↑ Ahorukomeye P, Disotuar MM, Gajewiak J, Karanth S, Watkins M, Robinson SD, Flórez Salcedo P, Smith NA, Smith BJ, Schlegel A, Forbes BE, Olivera B, Hung-Chieh Chou D, Safavi-Hemami H. Fish-hunting cone snail venoms are a rich source of minimized ligands of the vertebrate insulin receptor. Elife. 2019 Feb 12;8:e41574. PMID:30747102 doi:10.7554/eLife.41574
- ↑ Xiong X, Menting JG, Disotuar MM, Smith NA, Delaine CA, Ghabash G, Agrawal R, Wang X, He X, Fisher SJ, MacRaild CA, Norton RS, Gajewiak J, Forbes BE, Smith BJ, Safavi-Hemami H, Olivera B, Lawrence MC, Chou DH. A structurally minimized yet fully active insulin based on cone-snail venom insulin principles. Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2020 Jun 1. pii: 10.1038/s41594-020-0430-8. doi:, 10.1038/s41594-020-0430-8. PMID:32483339 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41594-020-0430-8
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