| Structural highlights
Disease
FA11_HUMAN Defects in F11 are the cause of factor XI deficiency (FA11D) [MIM:612416; also known as plasma thromboplastin antecedent deficiency or Rosenthal syndrome. It is a hemorrhagic disease characterized by reduced levels and activity of factor XI resulting in moderate bleeding symptoms, usually occurring after trauma or surgery. Patients usually do not present spontaneous bleeding but women can present with menorrhagia. Hemorrhages are usually moderate.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20]
Function
FA11_HUMAN Factor XI triggers the middle phase of the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation by activating factor IX.
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Oral factor XIa (FXIa) inhibitors may provide a promising new antithrombotic therapy with an improved benefit to bleeding risk profile over existing antithrombotic agents. Herein, we report application of a previously disclosed cyclic carbamate P1 linker which provided improved oral bioavailability in the imidazole-based 13-membered macrocycle to the 12-membered macrocycle. This resulted in identification of compound 4 with desired FXIa inhibitory potency and good oral bioavailability but high in vivo clearance. Further structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of heterocyclic core modifications to replace the imidazole core as well as various linkers to the P1 group led to the discovery of compound 6f, a potent FXIa inhibitor with selectivity against most of the relevant serine proteases. Compound 6f also demonstrated excellent pharmacokinetics (PK) profile (high oral bioavailability and low clearance) in multiple preclinical species. Compound 6f achieved robust antithrombotic efficacy in a rabbit efficacy model at doses which preserved hemostasis.
Discovery of a High Affinity, Orally Bioavailable Macrocyclic FXIa Inhibitor with Antithrombotic Activity in Preclinical Species.,Yang W, Wang Y, Lai A, Clark CG, Corte JR, Fang T, Gilligan PJ, Jeon Y, Pabbisetty KB, Rampulla RA, Mathur A, Kaspady M, Neithnadka PR, Arumugam A, Raju S, Rossi KA, Myers JE, Sheriff S, Lou Z, Zheng JJ, Chacko SA, Bozarth JM, Wu Y, Crain EJ, Wong PC, Seiffert DA, Luettgen JM, Lam PYS, Wexler RR, Eiwng WR J Med Chem. 2020 May 26. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00464. PMID:32456431[21]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Asakai R, Chung DW, Ratnoff OD, Davie EW. Factor XI (plasma thromboplastin antecedent) deficiency in Ashkenazi Jews is a bleeding disorder that can result from three types of point mutations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Oct;86(20):7667-71. PMID:2813350
- ↑ Meijers JC, Davie EW, Chung DW. Expression of human blood coagulation factor XI: characterization of the defect in factor XI type III deficiency. Blood. 1992 Mar 15;79(6):1435-40. PMID:1547342
- ↑ Pugh RE, McVey JH, Tuddenham EG, Hancock JF. Six point mutations that cause factor XI deficiency. Blood. 1995 Mar 15;85(6):1509-16. PMID:7888672
- ↑ Imanaka Y, Lal K, Nishimura T, Bolton-Maggs PH, Tuddenham EG, McVey JH. Identification of two novel mutations in non-Jewish factor XI deficiency. Br J Haematol. 1995 Aug;90(4):916-20. PMID:7669672
- ↑ Wistinghausen B, Reischer A, Oddoux C, Ostrer H, Nardi M, Karpatkin M. Severe factor XI deficiency in an Arab family associated with a novel mutation in exon 11. Br J Haematol. 1997 Dec;99(3):575-7. PMID:9401068
- ↑ Martincic D, Zimmerman SA, Ware RE, Sun MF, Whitlock JA, Gailani D. Identification of mutations and polymorphisms in the factor XI genes of an African American family by dideoxyfingerprinting. Blood. 1998 Nov 1;92(9):3309-17. PMID:9787168
- ↑ Alhaq A, Mitchell M, Sethi M, Rahman S, Flynn G, Boulton P, Caeno G, Smith M, Savidge G. Identification of a novel mutation in a non-Jewish factor XI deficient kindred. Br J Haematol. 1999 Jan;104(1):44-9. PMID:10027710
- ↑ Mitchell M, Cutler J, Thompson S, Moore G, Jenkins Ap Rees E, Smith M, Savidge G, Alhaq A. Heterozygous factor XI deficiency associated with three novel mutations. Br J Haematol. 1999 Dec;107(4):763-5. PMID:10606881
- ↑ Zivelin A, Bauduer F, Ducout L, Peretz H, Rosenberg N, Yatuv R, Seligsohn U. Factor XI deficiency in French Basques is caused predominantly by an ancestral Cys38Arg mutation in the factor XI gene. Blood. 2002 Apr 1;99(7):2448-54. PMID:11895778
- ↑ Kravtsov DV, Wu W, Meijers JC, Sun MF, Blinder MA, Dang TP, Wang H, Gailani D. Dominant factor XI deficiency caused by mutations in the factor XI catalytic domain. Blood. 2004 Jul 1;104(1):128-34. Epub 2004 Mar 16. PMID:15026311 doi:10.1182/blood-2003-10-3530
- ↑ Dai L, Mitchell M, Carson P, Creagh D, Cutler J, Savidge G, Alhaq A. Severe factor XI deficiency caused by compound heterozygosity. Br J Haematol. 2004 Jun;125(6):817-8. PMID:15180874 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2004.04979.x
- ↑ Hill M, McLeod F, Franks H, Gordon B, Dolan G. Genetic analysis in FXI deficiency: six novel mutations and the use of a polymerase chain reaction-based test to define a whole gene deletion. Br J Haematol. 2005 Jun;129(6):825-9. PMID:15953011 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2141.2005.05536.x
- ↑ Quelin F, Mathonnet F, Potentini-Esnault C, Trigui N, Peynet J, Bastenaire B, Guillon L, Bigel ML, Sauger A, Mazurier C, de Mazancourt P. Identification of five novel mutations in the factor XI gene (F11) of patients with factor XI deficiency. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2006 Jan;17(1):69-73. PMID:16607084 doi:10.1097/01.mbc.0000198054.50257.96
- ↑ Fard-Esfahani P, Lari GR, Ravanbod S, Mirkhani F, Allahyari M, Rassoulzadegan M, Ala F. Seven novel point mutations in the F11 gene in Iranian FXI-deficient patients. Haemophilia. 2008 Jan;14(1):91-5. Epub 2007 Nov 13. PMID:18005151 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2007.01593.x
- ↑ Kim J, Song J, Lyu CJ, Kim YR, Oh SH, Choi YC, Yoo JH, Choi JR, Kim H, Lee KA. Population-specific spectrum of the F11 mutations in Koreans: evidence for a founder effect. Clin Genet. 2012 Aug;82(2):180-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01732.x. Epub, 2011 Jun 30. PMID:21668437 doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2011.01732.x
- ↑ Dai L, Rangarajan S, Mitchell M. Three dominant-negative mutations in factor XI-deficient patients. Haemophilia. 2011 Sep;17(5):e919-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2011.02519.x. Epub , 2011 Apr 3. PMID:21457405 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2516.2011.02519.x
- ↑ Lee JH, Cho HS, Hyun MS, Kim HY, Kim HJ. A novel missense mutation Asp506Gly in Exon 13 of the F11 gene in an asymptomatic Korean woman with mild factor XI deficiency. Korean J Lab Med. 2011 Oct;31(4):290-3. doi: 10.3343/kjlm.2011.31.4.290. Epub, 2011 Oct 3. PMID:22016685 doi:10.3343/kjlm.2011.31.4.290
- ↑ Tirefort Y, Uhr MR, Neerman-Arbez M, de Moerloose P. Identification of a novel F11 missense mutation (Ile463Ser) in a family with congenital factor XI deficiency. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2012 Apr;23(3):251-2. doi:, 10.1097/MBC.0b013e32834ea02a. PMID:22322133 doi:10.1097/MBC.0b013e32834ea02a
- ↑ Girolami A, Scarparo P, Bonamigo E, Santarossa L, Cristiani A, Moro S, Lombardi AM. A cluster of factor XI-deficient patients due to a new mutation (Ile 436 Lys) in northeastern Italy. Eur J Haematol. 2012 Mar;88(3):229-36. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2011.01723.x., Epub 2011 Nov 17. PMID:21999818 doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.2011.01723.x
- ↑ Gueguen P, Chauvin A, Quemener-Redon S, Pan-Petesch B, Ferec C, Abgrall JF, Le Marechal C. Revisiting the molecular epidemiology of factor XI deficiency: nine new mutations and an original large 4qTer deletion in western Brittany (France). Thromb Haemost. 2012 Jan;107(1):44-50. doi: 10.1160/TH11-06-0415. Epub 2011 Dec, 8. PMID:22159456 doi:10.1160/TH11-06-0415
- ↑ Yang W, Wang Y, Lai A, Clark CG, Corte JR, Fang T, Gilligan PJ, Jeon Y, Pabbisetty KB, Rampulla RA, Mathur A, Kaspady M, Neithnadka PR, Arumugam A, Raju S, Rossi KA, Myers JE, Sheriff S, Lou Z, Zheng JJ, Chacko SA, Bozarth JM, Wu Y, Crain EJ, Wong PC, Seiffert DA, Luettgen JM, Lam PYS, Wexler RR, Eiwng WR. Discovery of a High Affinity, Orally Bioavailable Macrocyclic FXIa Inhibitor with Antithrombotic Activity in Preclinical Species. J Med Chem. 2020 May 26. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00464. PMID:32456431 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00464
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