3egh
From Proteopedia
Crystal structure of a complex between Protein Phosphatase 1 alpha (PP1), the PP1 binding and PDZ domains of Spinophilin and the small natural molecular toxin Nodularin-R
Structural highlights
FunctionPP1A_HUMAN Protein phosphatase that associates with over 200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes which dephosphorylate hundreds of biological targets. Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is essential for cell division, and participates in the regulation of glycogen metabolism, muscle contractility and protein synthesis. Involved in regulation of ionic conductances and long-term synaptic plasticity. May play an important role in dephosphorylating substrates such as the postsynaptic density-associated Ca(2+)/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II. Component of the PTW/PP1 phosphatase complex, which plays a role in the control of chromatin structure and cell cycle progression during the transition from mitosis into interphase. Regulates NEK2 function in terms of kinase activity and centrosome number and splitting, both in the presence and absence of radiation-induced DNA damage. Regulator of neural tube and optic fissure closure, and enteric neural crest cell (ENCCs) migration during development.[1] Evolutionary Conservation Check, as determined by ConSurfDB. You may read the explanation of the method and the full data available from ConSurf. Publication Abstract from PubMedThe serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) dephosphorylates hundreds of key biological targets. PP1 associates with >or=200 regulatory proteins to form highly specific holoenzymes. These regulatory proteins target PP1 to its point of action within the cell and prime its enzymatic specificity for particular substrates. However, how they direct PP1's specificity is not understood. Here we show that spinophilin, a neuronal PP1 regulator, is entirely unstructured in its unbound form, and it binds PP1 through a folding-upon-binding mechanism in an elongated fashion, blocking one of PP1's three putative substrate binding sites without altering its active site. This mode of binding is sufficient for spinophilin to restrict PP1's activity toward a model substrate in vitro without affecting its ability to dephosphorylate its neuronal substrate, glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1). Thus, our work provides the molecular basis for the ability of spinophilin to dictate PP1 substrate specificity. Spinophilin directs protein phosphatase 1 specificity by blocking substrate binding sites.,Ragusa MJ, Dancheck B, Critton DA, Nairn AC, Page R, Peti W Nat Struct Mol Biol. 2010 Apr;17(4):459-64. Epub 2010 Mar 21. PMID:20305656[2] From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine. References
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