| Structural highlights
Function
DAPK2_HUMAN Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine/threonine kinase involved in multiple cellular signaling pathways that trigger cell survival, apoptosis, and autophagy. Regulates both type I apoptotic and type II autophagic cell deaths signal, depending on the cellular setting. The former is caspase-dependent, while the latter is caspase-independent and is characterized by the accumulation of autophagic vesicles. Acts as a mediator of anoikis and a suppressor of beta-catenin-dependent anchorage-independent growth of malignant epithelial cells. May play a role in granulocytic maturation.[1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] Isoform 2 is not regulated by calmodulin. It can phosphorylate MYL9. It can induce membrane blebbing and autophagic cell death.[8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14]
Publication Abstract from PubMed
Death-associated protein kinase 2 (DAPK2) is a CaM-regulated Ser/Thr protein kinase, involved in apoptosis, autophagy, granulocyte differentiation and motility regulation, whose activity is controlled by autoinhibition, autophosphorylation, dimerization and interaction with scaffolding proteins 14-3-3. However, the structural basis of 14-3-3-mediated DAPK2 regulation remains unclear. Here, we structurally and biochemically characterize the full-length human DAPK2:14-3-3 complex by combining several biophysical techniques. The results from our X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that Thr369 phosphorylation at the DAPK2 C terminus creates a high-affinity canonical mode III 14-3-3-binding motif, further enhanced by the diterpene glycoside Fusicoccin A. Moreover, concentration-dependent DAPK2 dimerization is disrupted by Ca(2+)/CaM binding and stabilized by 14-3-3 binding in solution, thereby protecting the DAPK2 inhibitory autophosphorylation site Ser318 against dephosphorylation and preventing Ca(2+)/CaM binding. Overall, our findings provide mechanistic insights into 14-3-3-mediated DAPK2 inhibition and highlight the potential of the DAPK2:14-3-3 complex as a target for anti-inflammatory therapies.
14-3-3 proteins inactivate DAPK2 by promoting its dimerization and protecting key regulatory phosphosites.,Horvath M, Petrvalska O, Herman P, Obsilova V, Obsil T Commun Biol. 2021 Aug 19;4(1):986. doi: 10.1038/s42003-021-02518-y. PMID:34413451[15]
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
See Also
References
- ↑ Kawai T, Nomura F, Hoshino K, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Akira S. Death-associated protein kinase 2 is a new calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that signals apoptosis through its catalytic activity. Oncogene. 1999 Jun 10;18(23):3471-80. PMID:10376525 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1202701
- ↑ Inbal B, Shani G, Cohen O, Kissil JL, Kimchi A. Death-associated protein kinase-related protein 1, a novel serine/threonine kinase involved in apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Feb;20(3):1044-54. PMID:10629061
- ↑ Shoval Y, Berissi H, Kimchi A, Pietrokovski S. New modularity of DAP-kinases: alternative splicing of the DRP-1 gene produces a ZIPk-like isoform. PLoS One. 2011 Mar 8;6(2):e17344. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017344. PMID:21408167 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017344
- ↑ Shani G, Henis-Korenblit S, Jona G, Gileadi O, Eisenstein M, Ziv T, Admon A, Kimchi A. Autophosphorylation restrains the apoptotic activity of DRP-1 kinase by controlling dimerization and calmodulin binding. EMBO J. 2001 Mar 1;20(5):1099-113. PMID:11230133 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/20.5.1099
- ↑ Inbal B, Bialik S, Sabanay I, Shani G, Kimchi A. DAP kinase and DRP-1 mediate membrane blebbing and the formation of autophagic vesicles during programmed cell death. J Cell Biol. 2002 Apr 29;157(3):455-68. Epub 2002 Apr 29. PMID:11980920 doi:10.1083/jcb.200109094
- ↑ Rizzi M, Tschan MP, Britschgi C, Britschgi A, Hugli B, Grob TJ, Leupin N, Mueller BU, Simon HU, Ziemiecki A, Torbett BE, Fey MF, Tobler A. The death-associated protein kinase 2 is up-regulated during normal myeloid differentiation and enhances neutrophil maturation in myeloid leukemic cells. J Leukoc Biol. 2007 Jun;81(6):1599-608. Epub 2007 Mar 8. PMID:17347302 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0606400
- ↑ Li H, Ray G, Yoo BH, Erdogan M, Rosen KV. Down-regulation of death-associated protein kinase-2 is required for beta-catenin-induced anoikis resistance of malignant epithelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jan 23;284(4):2012-22. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M805612200. Epub 2008, Oct 27. PMID:18957423 doi:10.1074/jbc.M805612200
- ↑ Kawai T, Nomura F, Hoshino K, Copeland NG, Gilbert DJ, Jenkins NA, Akira S. Death-associated protein kinase 2 is a new calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase that signals apoptosis through its catalytic activity. Oncogene. 1999 Jun 10;18(23):3471-80. PMID:10376525 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.onc.1202701
- ↑ Inbal B, Shani G, Cohen O, Kissil JL, Kimchi A. Death-associated protein kinase-related protein 1, a novel serine/threonine kinase involved in apoptosis. Mol Cell Biol. 2000 Feb;20(3):1044-54. PMID:10629061
- ↑ Shoval Y, Berissi H, Kimchi A, Pietrokovski S. New modularity of DAP-kinases: alternative splicing of the DRP-1 gene produces a ZIPk-like isoform. PLoS One. 2011 Mar 8;6(2):e17344. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017344. PMID:21408167 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017344
- ↑ Shani G, Henis-Korenblit S, Jona G, Gileadi O, Eisenstein M, Ziv T, Admon A, Kimchi A. Autophosphorylation restrains the apoptotic activity of DRP-1 kinase by controlling dimerization and calmodulin binding. EMBO J. 2001 Mar 1;20(5):1099-113. PMID:11230133 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/emboj/20.5.1099
- ↑ Inbal B, Bialik S, Sabanay I, Shani G, Kimchi A. DAP kinase and DRP-1 mediate membrane blebbing and the formation of autophagic vesicles during programmed cell death. J Cell Biol. 2002 Apr 29;157(3):455-68. Epub 2002 Apr 29. PMID:11980920 doi:10.1083/jcb.200109094
- ↑ Rizzi M, Tschan MP, Britschgi C, Britschgi A, Hugli B, Grob TJ, Leupin N, Mueller BU, Simon HU, Ziemiecki A, Torbett BE, Fey MF, Tobler A. The death-associated protein kinase 2 is up-regulated during normal myeloid differentiation and enhances neutrophil maturation in myeloid leukemic cells. J Leukoc Biol. 2007 Jun;81(6):1599-608. Epub 2007 Mar 8. PMID:17347302 doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1189/jlb.0606400
- ↑ Li H, Ray G, Yoo BH, Erdogan M, Rosen KV. Down-regulation of death-associated protein kinase-2 is required for beta-catenin-induced anoikis resistance of malignant epithelial cells. J Biol Chem. 2009 Jan 23;284(4):2012-22. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M805612200. Epub 2008, Oct 27. PMID:18957423 doi:10.1074/jbc.M805612200
- ↑ Horvath M, Petrvalska O, Herman P, Obsilova V, Obsil T. 14-3-3 proteins inactivate DAPK2 by promoting its dimerization and protecting key regulatory phosphosites. Commun Biol. 2021 Aug 19;4(1):986. PMID:34413451 doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02518-y
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